Suchergebnisse

Résumé Dans le prolongement du courant « Law and Finance », cette étude analyse la relation entre la protection des investisseurs et l'efficience macroéconomique. Nous appliquons à cette fin le modèle de frontière stochastique proposé par Battese et Coelli [1995] sur un panel de pays afin d'estimer l'efficience macroéconomique. Trois mesures de la protection des investisseurs extraites de La Porta et al . [1998] sont ainsi testées. Nous montrons alors que la protection des droits des actionnaires et l'efficacité du système juridique ont une relation positive avec l'efficience macroéconomique, tandis que cette relation est plus nuancée pour la protection des droits des créanciers.

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of corruption on bank lending in Russia. This issue is of major interest in order to understand the causes of financial underdevelopment and the effects of corruption in Russia. We use regional measures of corruption and bank-level data to perform this investigation. Our main estimations show that corruption hampers bank lending in Russia. We investigate whether this negative role of corruption is influenced by the degree of bank risk aversion, but find no effect. The detrimental effect of corruption is only observed for loans to households and firms, in opposition to loans to government. Additional controls confirm the detrimental impact of corruption on bank lending. Therefore, our results provide motivations to fight corruption to favor bank lending in Russia.

AbstractAn increasing share of the banking sector is controlled by foreign capital in the majority of transition countries. To analyse the effects of this trend on the performance of the banking sector in these countries, this study conducts a comparative analysis of the performance of foreign‐owned and domestic‐owned banks operating in the Czech Republic and Poland. We use the stochastic frontier approach to compute cost efficiency scores. Following Mester (1996), financial capital is included in the cost frontier model to control for risk preferences. Our finding is that on average foreign‐owned banks are more efficient than domestic‐owned banks. We conclude, however, that this advantage does not result from differences in the scale of operations or the structure of activities.

Résumé Le secteur du bâtiment et des travaux publics est un bon indicateur de la conjoncture économique et sociale d'un pays ; c'est également un domaine où l'on peut développer une stratégie industrielle originale ; ce peut être aussi le terrain d'échecs cinglants. L'histoire de l'entreprise Eiffel, de 1889 à 1965, illustre ces différentes tendances pour la branche des constructions métalliques et du génie civil en Indochine.

AbstractTo analyze whether the occurrence of elections affects access to credit for firms, we perform an investigation using firm‐level data covering 44 developed and developing countries. The results show that elections impair access to credit. Specifically, firms have lower access to credit in election years and pre‐election years as elections exacerbate political uncertainty. While higher borrower discouragement is a tangible negative effect of elections, their occurrence per se does not seem to affect loan acceptance by banks. We also document that the negative relationship between elections and credit access is shaped by country and election characteristics as well as firm characteristics.

To analyze whether the occurrence of elections affects access to credit for firms, we perform an investigation using firm-level data covering 44 developed and developing countries. The results show that elections impair access to credit. Specifically, firms are more credit-constrained in election years and pre-election years as elections exacerbate political uncertainty. While lower credit demand is a tangible negative effect of elections, their occurrece per se does not seem to affect credit supply. We further establish that the design of political and financial systems affects how elections influence access to credit.