Suchergebnisse

Les ressources naturelles sont un domaine où les enjeux politiques et théoriques sont indissolublement liés puisque les revendications concernant leur exploitation, qui fondent de nouvelles géopolitiques à l'échelle mondiale, s'appuient sur une argumentation théorique. Suite aux limites de l'analyse d'obédience néoclassique et de ses échecs en matière de gestion, émergent de nouvelles théories et méthodologies qui offrent des perspectives originales à l'économie politique des ressources naturelles. (Résumé d'auteur)

Considering the increasing importance of the development assistance, further thought needs to be given to its impacts on governance of fisheries and aquaculture in developing countries. From West African and South-East Asian examples, three of the main axes of the development assistance can be identified : the increase in small -scale fishing capacity, the connection to the export markets, the small -scale aquaculture development. Some impacts of this assistance can be pointed out: the setting up of a large small-scale capacity or overcapacity, the increasing dependence on export markets and the decrease in food security in West Africa, the damage to environment linked to small-scale shrimp aquaculturedevelopment in South-East Asia . By privileging thes e axes of development, the assistance contributes to the emergence or to the maintenance of governance systems which pose some problems. The problems relating to fisheries governance systems can be mentioned as follows : the fisheries governance limited to fisheries management, the weakening of the public power and public actions, the fragmentation of the fisheries administration and civil society. These problems are amplified by the development assistance and they contribute to some breaches of good governance principles of which we give some examples. Some lessons can be drawn from the analysis of fisheries governance systems which have been encouraged by the development assistance: a need for a new approach of the fisheries governance which lies beyond the framework of the fisheries management, the obligation of an integration of fisheries or aquaculture development assistance programmes into national and regional public policies, the necessary rehabilitation of the fisheries administration and the strengt hening of institutions.

Considering the increasing importance of the development assistance, further thought needs to be given to its impacts on governance of fisheries and aquaculture in developing countries. From West African and South-East Asian examples, three of the main axes of the development assistance can be identified : the increase in small -scale fishing capacity, the connection to the export markets, the small -scale aquaculture development. Some impacts of this assistance can be pointed out: the setting up of a large small-scale capacity or overcapacity, the increasing dependence on export markets and the decrease in food security in West Africa, the damage to environment linked to small-scale shrimp aquaculturedevelopment in South-East Asia . By privileging thes e axes of development, the assistance contributes to the emergence or to the maintenance of governance systems which pose some problems. The problems relating to fisheries governance systems can be mentioned as follows : the fisheries governance limited to fisheries management, the weakening of the public power and public actions, the fragmentation of the fisheries administration and civil society. These problems are amplified by the development assistance and they contribute to some breaches of good governance principles of which we give some examples. Some lessons can be drawn from the analysis of fisheries governance systems which have been encouraged by the development assistance: a need for a new approach of the fisheries governance which lies beyond the framework of the fisheries management, the obligation of an integration of fisheries or aquaculture development assistance programmes into national and regional public policies, the necessary rehabilitation of the fisheries administration and the strengt hening of institutions.

Considering the increasing importance of the development assistance, further thought needs to be given to its impacts on governance of fisheries and aquaculture in developing countries. From West African and South-East Asian examples, three of the main axes of the development assistance can be identified : the increase in small -scale fishing capacity, the connection to the export markets, the small -scale aquaculture development. Some impacts of this assistance can be pointed out: the setting up of a large small-scale capacity or overcapacity, the increasing dependence on export markets and the decrease in food security in West Africa, the damage to environment linked to small-scale shrimp aquaculturedevelopment in South-East Asia . By privileging thes e axes of development, the assistance contributes to the emergence or to the maintenance of governance systems which pose some problems. The problems relating to fisheries governance systems can be mentioned as follows : the fisheries governance limited to fisheries management, the weakening of the public power and public actions, the fragmentation of the fisheries administration and civil society. These problems are amplified by the development assistance and they contribute to some breaches of good governance principles of which we give some examples. Some lessons can be drawn from the analysis of fisheries governance systems which have been encouraged by the development assistance: a need for a new approach of the fisheries governance which lies beyond the framework of the fisheries management, the obligation of an integration of fisheries or aquaculture development assistance programmes into national and regional public policies, the necessary rehabilitation of the fisheries administration and the strengt hening of institutions.

Considering the increasing importance of the development assistance, further thought needs to be given to its impacts on governance of fisheries and aquaculture in developing countries. From West African and South-East Asian examples, three of the main axes of the development assistance can be identified : the increase in small -scale fishing capacity, the connection to the export markets, the small -scale aquaculture development. Some impacts of this assistance can be pointed out: the setting up of a large small-scale capacity or overcapacity, the increasing dependence on export markets and the decrease in food security in West Africa, the damage to environment linked to small-scale shrimp aquaculturedevelopment in South-East Asia . By privileging thes e axes of development, the assistance contributes to the emergence or to the maintenance of governance systems which pose some problems. The problems relating to fisheries governance systems can be mentioned as follows : the fisheries governance limited to fisheries management, the weakening of the public power and public actions, the fragmentation of the fisheries administration and civil society. These problems are amplified by the development assistance and they contribute to some breaches of good governance principles of which we give some examples. Some lessons can be drawn from the analysis of fisheries governance systems which have been encouraged by the development assistance: a need for a new approach of the fisheries governance which lies beyond the framework of the fisheries management, the obligation of an integration of fisheries or aquaculture development assistance programmes into national and regional public policies, the necessary rehabilitation of the fisheries administration and the strengt hening of institutions.

Considering the increasing importance of the development assistance, further thought needs to be given to its impacts on governance of fisheries and aquaculture in developing countries. From West African and South-East Asian examples, three of the main axes of the development assistance can be identified : the increase in small -scale fishing capacity, the connection to the export markets, the small -scale aquaculture development. Some impacts of this assistance can be pointed out: the setting up of a large small-scale capacity or overcapacity, the increasing dependence on export markets and the decrease in food security in West Africa, the damage to environment linked to small-scale shrimp aquaculturedevelopment in South-East Asia . By privileging thes e axes of development, the assistance contributes to the emergence or to the maintenance of governance systems which pose some problems. The problems relating to fisheries governance systems can be mentioned as follows : the fisheries governance limited to fisheries management, the weakening of the public power and public actions, the fragmentation of the fisheries administration and civil society. These problems are amplified by the development assistance and they contribute to some breaches of good governance principles of which we give some examples. Some lessons can be drawn from the analysis of fisheries governance systems which have been encouraged by the development assistance: a need for a new approach of the fisheries governance which lies beyond the framework of the fisheries management, the obligation of an integration of fisheries or aquaculture development assistance programmes into national and regional public policies, the necessary rehabilitation of the fisheries administration and the strengt hening of institutions.

Bericht über die soziale und wirtschaftliche Rolle der Händlerinnen in Lome, die dort den Fischhandel im Hafen kontrollieren. Ihre starke Position ist bedingt durch die finanzielle Beteiligung an der Ausrüstung der Fischerboote. Der Autor geht Besonderheiten des Gewerbes nach: ethnische Beziehungen, Organisationsformen, Verdienstmöglichkeiten, Ausbeutungsverhalten. (DÜI-Wsl)

Au Togo, rares sont les secteurs où les femmes n'interviennent pas dans la commercialisation des produits. Si le cas des revendeuses de tissu est le plus connu, celui des nana du port de Lomé est original dans la mesure où ces commerçantes investissent dans des activités de production halieutique par des prises de participation dans des unités de pêche piroguière. Cette situation crée entre elles et les pécheurs, surtout ghanéens, des rapports de type capitaliste, qui trouvent leur fondement dans une offre de capital à des conditions draconiennes.

International audience ; The main aim of this paper is the design of an analysis framework for the governance of MPAs in developing countries. The working-out of this analysis framework makes use of contributions from the governance of hazardous activities, the interactive fisheries governance, the ecosystem-based management applied to marine protected areas, the MPAs governance indicators, the anthropology of brokerage. This analysis framework takes in count four main issues of the MPAs governance in developing countries pointed out from two representative case studies (Mu Ko Chumphon National Park in Thailand and Ca Mau National Park in Vietnam) : the revitalization of regulatory systems of the access to fisheries resources, the simplification of the administrative processes, the control of the demographic pressure which result from a high increase of the populations and a strong mobility, the lowering of the economic vulnerability and poverty alleviation due to the deregulation. This analysis framework makes it possible to characterize the governance systems and to put forward the weaknesses : the excessive role play by the international organizations, the too sectorial and technical aspect of fisheries management measures, the incomplete decentralization, the fragmentation of the States and the civil society. To mitigate these deficiencies, four general public policy options adapted to developing countries are proposed.

International audience ; The main aim of this paper is the design of an analysis framework for the governance of MPAs in developing countries. The working-out of this analysis framework makes use of contributions from the governance of hazardous activities, the interactive fisheries governance, the ecosystem-based management applied to marine protected areas, the MPAs governance indicators, the anthropology of brokerage. This analysis framework takes in count four main issues of the MPAs governance in developing countries pointed out from two representative case studies (Mu Ko Chumphon National Park in Thailand and Ca Mau National Park in Vietnam) : the revitalization of regulatory systems of the access to fisheries resources, the simplification of the administrative processes, the control of the demographic pressure which result from a high increase of the populations and a strong mobility, the lowering of the economic vulnerability and poverty alleviation due to the deregulation. This analysis framework makes it possible to characterize the governance systems and to put forward the weaknesses : the excessive role play by the international organizations, the too sectorial and technical aspect of fisheries management measures, the incomplete decentralization, the fragmentation of the States and the civil society. To mitigate these deficiencies, four general public policy options adapted to developing countries are proposed.