Suchergebnisse

This paper reports the results from the first stage of a research project that examines changes in urban office occupiers' space requirements and their impact on the structure of urban office markets. The specific objectives of the project are to compare occupiers' trade‐offs and preferences between submarkets in the Edinburgh market and to look at the way in which agents influence the process by which occupiers are matched to space in particular submarkets. The results discussed are based on two surveys: first we analyse a detailed survey of office occupiers in two office submarkets in Edinburgh; and second, office agents are surveyed. This allows us to compare their perception of occupiers' space requirements with those expressed by respondent occupiers. The results suggest that agents' knowledge of occupier preferences vary across submarkets and that, in particular, they are less well informed about occupiers' preferences in non‐traditional submarkets.

An evaluation of the impact of the New Homes Bonus on attitudes towards new house building, carried out for the Department of Communities and Local Government.

This is the final version. Available on open access from BMJ Publishing Group via the DOI in this record ; Data availability statement: THIN data are available upon application after Scientific Review Committee (SRC) approval through a licenced organisation. Data are not publicly available. ; Background Despite simpler regimens than vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF), adherence (taking drugs as prescribed) and persistence (continuation of drugs) to direct oral anticoagulants are suboptimal, yet understudied in electronic health records (EHRs). Objective We investigated (1) time trends at individual and system levels, and (2) the risk factors for and associations between adherence and persistence. Methods In UK primary care EHR (The Health Information Network 2011-2016), we investigated adherence and persistence at 1 year for oral anticoagulants (OACs) in adults with incident AF. Baseline characteristics were analysed by OAC and adherence/persistence status. Risk factors for non-adherence and non-persistence were assessed using Cox and logistic regression. Patterns of adherence and persistence were analysed. Results Among 36 652 individuals with incident AF, cardiovascular comorbidities (median CHA 2 DS 2 VASc[Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age≥75 years, Diabetes mellitus, Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65-74 years, Sex category] 3) and polypharmacy (median number of drugs 6) were common. Adherence was 55.2% (95% CI 54.6 to 55.7), 51.2% (95% CI 50.6 to 51.8), 66.5% (95% CI 63.7 to 69.2), 63.1% (95% CI 61.8 to 64.4) and 64.7% (95% CI 63.2 to 66.1) for all OACs, VKA, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban. One-year persistence was 65.9% (95% CI 65.4 to 66.5), 63.4% (95% CI 62.8 to 64.0), 61.4% (95% CI 58.3 to 64.2), 72.3% (95% CI 70.9 to 73.7) and 78.7% (95% CI 77.1 to 80.1) for all OACs, VKA, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban. Risk of non-adherence and non-persistence increased over time at individual and system levels. Increasing comorbidity was associated with reduced risk of non-adherence and non-persistence across all OACs. Overall rates of 'primary non-adherence' (stopping after first prescription), 'non-adherent non-persistence' and 'persistent adherence' were 3.5%, 26.5% and 40.2%, differing across OACs. Conclusions Adherence and persistence to OACs are low at 1 year with heterogeneity across drugs and over time at individual and system levels. Better understanding of contributory factors will inform interventions to improve adherence and persistence across OACs in individuals and populations. ; European Union FP7 ; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)