Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- About the Authors -- Preface and Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- The Challenge -- The Enhanced Systemic Hub Model -- Methods and Materials -- Chapter 2 Producing Paris, 2015 -- Introduction -- G7 Elmau, June -- G20 Antalya, November -- UN Paris, December -- Conclusion -- Chapter 3 Relying on Paris, 2016 -- Introduction -- G7 Ise-Shima, May -- G20 Hangzhou, September -- UN Marrakech, November -- Conclusion -- Chapter 4 Tackling Trump, 2017 -- Introduction -- G7 Taormina, May -- G20 Hamburg, July -- UN Bonn, November -- One Planet Summit, Paris, December -- Conclusion -- Chapter 5 G7 Leadership, 2018 -- Introduction -- G7 Charlevoix, June -- G20 Buenos Aires, November -- UN Katowice, December -- One Planet Summit, September -- Conclusion -- Chapter 6 G20 Leadership, 2019 -- Introduction -- G20 Osaka, June -- G7 Biarritz, August -- Special Climate Summits, March and September -- UN Madrid, December -- Conclusion -- Chapter 7 COVID-19 Crowd-Out, 2020 -- Introduction -- G7 Governance -- G20 Riyadh, November -- The Missing COP26 -- Special Climate Summits -- Conclusion -- Chapter 8 Combined Leadership, 2021 -- Introduction -- Starting Special Summits -- G7 Virtual Summit, February -- Leaders Summit on Climate, April -- G7 Cornwall, June -- G20 Rome, October -- UN Glasgow, November -- Conclusion -- Chapter 9 Conclusion -- Global Climate Governance, 2015-2021 -- Improving the Systemic Hub Model -- Conclusion -- Appendix A: The Systemic Hub Model of G7 and G20 Governance -- Appendix B: Summit Performance on Climate Change, 2015-2021 -- Appendix C: G7 Climate Change Performance, 1975-2021 -- Appendix D: G20 Climate Change Performance, 2008-2020 -- Appendix E: G7 Recognized Shock-Activated Vulnerabilities, 2015-2021.

Climate change, biodiversity loss and human-generated pollution pose an urgent, existential threat to all living things. UnitedNations (UN) scientific reports, and several others, confirm humanity's destructive impact on the earth's atmosphere,land and water. They also confirm that climate change creates new problems and exacerbates existing social and economicproblems across all the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the UN's Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development. Yet,in their design, the 17 SDGs and their 169 targets make very few explicit links between climate change, specifically, and theother ecological and socio-economic goals. And, on the few key indicators tracked by the Sustainable Development IndexDashboard under SDG 13 on climate change, the developed countries lag well behind developing ones, while progress onmany SDGs has reversed since 2019. The Group of 20 (G20) developed and emerging economies, all systemically significant,comply with their own climate change goals at an average of just 69%. Given its membership profile and vast resources,the G20 has great potential to reinforce progress toward the SDGs. By improving its own performance on climate change, theG20 can help the UN and its members spur progress on SDG 13 on climate change, and thus on other closely related SDGs.The G20 leaders at their summits should therefore make far more ambitious commitments on climate change, explicitly linkthem to sustainable development, SDG 13, other socio-economic SDGs, and the UN's climate conference. They shouldalso foster more synergies between the UN's SDG high level meetings, UN climate summits, and special climate summits,and recognize in their G20 communiqués the climate-related, shock-activated vulnerabilities of, and their socio-economicimpacts on, countries in and beyond the G20.

How well and why have Group of 20 (G20) summits advanced Agenda 2030's sustainable development goals (SDGs) in a synergistic way, with climate change and digitization at the core? An answer to this urgent, indeed existential, question comes from a systematic analysis of G20 summit governance of the SDGs, climate change and digitization to assess the ambition and appropriateness of advances within each pillar and the synergistic links among them. This analysis examines G20 governance of the SDGs, sustainable development, climate change and digitization across the major dimensions of performance and evaluates how performance has changed and become synergistic with the advent of the SDGs in 2015 and the shock of the COVID-19 crisis in 2020. The latter has shown the need to prevent global ecological crises and spurred the digitization of the economy, society and health. Yet, G20 summit governance has largely remained in separate silos, doing little to use the digital revolution to address climate change or reach the SDGs. This highlights the need for G20 leaders to forge links at their future summits by mainstreaming the SDGs and mobilizing the digital revolution and climate action for future health and well-being.

How and why does the Group of 20 (G20) work, both alone and together with the United Nations (UN), to advance the effective global governance of climate change, especially in 2021 and beyond? G20 summit performance on climate change has increased since 2008 as measured by the six major dimensions of governance, but not by the results in net emissions reduced. G20 efforts to spur performance at subsequent UN climate summits has varied, from substantial at G20 Pittsburgh for UN Copenhagen in 2009, to limited at G20 Antalya for UN Paris in 2015, and to strong at G20 Rome for UN Glasgow in 2021. G20 efforts have been spurred by the physical climate shockactivated vulnerabilities experienced by G20 members in the lead-up to G20 and UN summits, especially from escalating extreme weather events, but have been constrained by diversionary shocks from finance in 2008–09, terrorism and migration in 2015, and COVID-19 in 2020–21. Also important were the personal commitments of, and domestic political support within, G20 and UN summit hosts, especially regarding the G20 and UN summits uniquely chaired by Group of 7 (G7) members Italy and the United Kingdom in 2021. Yet, the unprecedented combined G20-UN supply of global climate governance in 2021 fell even further behind the proliferating global demand to control climate change. To close the gap, the G20 should invite the heads of the major multilateral environmental organizations to participate in G20 summits, hold more environment ministers' meetings each year, and mount an annual climate-focused summit at the UN General Assembly.