Suchergebnisse

The Philippines is one of many developing countries to have become actively committed to promoting the export of non-traditional manufactured goods and to have established export processing zones as a component of this effort. It is attempted to study the merits of this form of export promotion by focusing upon the largest and longest operating of the three existing zones in the Philippines, the Bataan EPZ. The aim is to draw lessons for the Philippines and other countries which are considering establishing new EPZs. (Economische Voorlichtingsdienst)

Over several decades, Thailand achieved rapid economic growth, based on booming exports, combined with low inflation, a record ending only with the crisis of 1997. The sources of this achievement have been poorly understood. The rapid growth has often been attributed to industry policies that promoted exports. The macroeconomic stability has likewise been attributed in part to discretionary fiscal stabilization. However, short-run, discretionary fiscal policy made almost no contribution to macroeconomic stabilization; automatic fiscal stabilizers were far more important. (DSE/DÜI)

The successful completion of the Uruguay Round of the GATT at the end of 1994 has been widely welcomed. The final agreement is highly complex and several studies have used formal economic models to explore the effects the Round may have on individual countries. These studies have generally reached optimistic conclusions. The developing countries of Southeast Asia have been considered to be among the largest net gainers in proportional terms, especially the net agricultural exporters. The author looks critically at these issues with special reference to Thailand and the Philippines. (DÜI-Sen)

The importance of export processing zones (EPZs) in Malaysia is unique among the developing countries establishing these zones. Nowhere else is their role as significant, either in absolute terms or as a proportion of overall manufacturing activity. A policy of maintaining existing levels of protection while simultaneously establishing EPZs is clearly inferior, from a purely economic standpoint, to the abolition of protection. By providing a detailed cost-benefit analysis of Malaysia's EPZ's, the author investigates whether they have positive or negative welfare effects when protection is maintained outside the zones. (DÜI-Sen)

By focussing upon the Bataan EPZ (export processing zone), the paper studies the economic merits of EPZs as a form of export promotion. If is shown that although the absence of trade duties and other regulations led the zone to generate significant benefits for the Philippines, through employment and foreign exchange earnings, this was outweighted by the heavy public infrastructure investment necessitated by the choice of location. (DÜI-Sen)

Description of the incentive package and economic characteristics of Masan, one of South Korea's two export processing zones, which began its operations in 1971. Subsequently the net benefits and costs, as experienced by the rest of the Korean economy, resulting from the existence of the zone, is studied. Comparison is made of the welfare outcome for Korea where the zone is present with the hypothetical situation in which it is absent. Benefit-cost estimates concern employment, foreign exchange earnings, domestic raw material and local sales, construction cost lease charges etc. (Economische Voorlichtingsdienst)

Thailand's export-oriented automotive industry is a recognized economic success story. How did it happen and what lessons might other countries draw? This paper argues that the success of the industry was based on three factors. First was the substantial public investment in port facilities and related infrastructure, beginning in the 1990s, that constituted the Eastern Seaboard economic corridor. Second was the exchange rate depreciation that followed the 1997-1999 Asian Financial Crisis, making manufacturing production for export more profitable. The third factor was two key policy changes adopted by the Thai government shortly after the crisis, and partly in response to it: (a) abolition of restrictions on foreign ownership and (b) abolition of local content requirements. Neighboring countries, including Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines, also experienced the crisis and were potential competitors in attracting foreign investment in automotive production for export. But they did not adopt these two key reforms.

Using a general equilibrium approach, the authors examine the implications that the successful completion of the Uruguay Round (UR) of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) may have for the structure of the Bangladesh economy and for the economic welfare of that country. They conclude that the UR is welfare-reducing for Bangladesh but if the country were to reduce its own protection at the developing country average of 24 per cent, the welfare-reducing consequences of the UR would be approximately regated. (DÜI-Sen)

In dieser Arbeit wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob die 'Kauft australisch'-Kampagnen der australischen Regierung tatsächlich die erhofften positiven Beschäftigungsauswirkungen im Inland hervorrufen können. Die Autoren zeigen, daß eine auf diese Weise induzierte Verlagerung von importierten auf heimische Produkte bei bestimmten Industriezweigen durch inflationäre Wirkungen auch negative gesamtwirtschaftliche Beschäftigungseffekte zur Folge haben könnte. Der Nutzen protektionistischer Maßnahmen jedoch wird aus demselben Grund noch geringer eingeschätzt. (DÜI-Bsn)

The presented paper discusses the effect on the Indonesian economy of the international oil price shocks of 1973-74 and 1978-79, the so-called "Second Dutch Disease". It focuses on the effects that increased revenues from petroleum exports have had on relative prices within Indonesia, on the sectoral structure of production, and on the distribution of income. Finally, the policy response of the Indonesian government is worked out. (DÜI-Sbt)