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AbstractHistorian John Dower titles his book War Without Mercy. Similarly, wartime Hollywood showed no mercy when depicting Japanese. Negative portrayals were often based on actual atrocities, but it was racism to demonize an entire people and culture. The story of how politics in Hollywood and Washington, the conduct of war, and international relations shaped and changed film racism involves a much more complex approach than has been practiced to date. Using archives of film studios, the Production Code Administration (PCA), and governmental agencies such as the Office of War Information (OWI), this article traces the power struggle among them and a new racism which emerged after 1941. Filmmakers now projected favorable images of Chinese to distinguish their new allies from the Japanese enemy. OWI struggled to promote a liberal agenda which saw the enemy as world fascism, not the Japanese people. The article analyzes more than two dozen films to trace the complications in three types of wartime screen racism: (1) "Verbal racism," such as derogating words like "Jap." (2) "Physical racism," which dramatized and ridiculed physical characteristics of Japanese people. (3) "Psychological racism," which saw all Japanese people as cruel and treacherous.

Introduction -- Preface -- Chapter One: Comprehensive Reform of Regional Education: Origin and Theory -- Chapter Two: The Measurement of Carrying Capacity of Regional Education -- Chapter Three: The Factors That Influence Comprehensive Reform of Regional Education -- Chapter Four: Frame the Development Plan for Comprehensive Reform of Regional Education -- Chapter Five: Search for the Sensitive Factors of Comprehensive Reform of Regional Education -- Chapter Six: The Modernization of Regional Education Governance -- Chapter Seven: Building Distinctive School Clusters of the Region -- Chapter Eight: The Effective Guarantee of Comprehensive Reform of Regional Education.

Under the promotion of the national fitness campaign, based on the principle of excavating, inheriting and developing traditional folk sports activities, and according to the development trend of public education (PE) under the new situation, this article comprehensively analyzes the developing minority folk sports activities. The purpose is to promote the development of PE teaching reform in local universities, and effectively improve the social practical value of PE teaching.

The experiences and status of Chinese women have significantly changed over the last two to three decades, along with China's modernization. In this article we investigate the domestic division of labor between the two sexes at the present-day in the context of gender equality. Based on data from three Surveys on Chinese Women's Social Status taken in 1990, 2000 and 2010, the article focuses on important dimensions of women's family status, such as general changes in domestic decision-making and the time women spend in domestic labor, including rural-urban differences. The article points to "equal rights for both husband and wife" (Fu Qi Ping Quan, 夫妻平权) as being the major pattern in domestic decision-making, yet men have still more rights than women. Also, women are still the main force in domestic labor, although the difference between the times spent in domestic labor by women and men respectively has gradually narrowed. There also seems to be a greater correlation between education and women's status in rural areas than in urban areas.

On the basis of social exchange theory, we proposed the concept of exchange satisfaction, which refers to employees' and leaders' subjective perception of and degree of satisfaction with the quality of leader–member exchange. We found through an empirical study that exchange satisfaction
had a significant positive impact on employees' proactive behaviors. Further, the higher the consistency between leader's exchange satisfaction and employees' exchange satisfaction, the greater was employees' work engagement, especially in the case of high–high consistency, where employees
performed best when their proactive behaviors were affected via work engagement. Finally, employees' work engagement was greater and their proactive behaviors were more prominent when the satisfaction of the leader was higher than that of the employees. This research provides a new perspective
and basis for understanding the leader–employee dual interaction.

AbstractOcean spray aerosol formed by bubble bursting are at the core of a broad range of atmospheric processes: they are efficient cloud condensation nuclei and carry a variety of chemical, biological, and biomass material from the surface of the ocean to the atmosphere. The origin and composition of these aerosols is sensibly controlled by the detailed fluid mechanics of bubble bursting. This perspective summarizes our present-day knowledge on how bursting bubbles at the surface of a liquid pool contribute to its fragmentation, namely to the formation of droplets stripped from the pool, and associated mechanisms. In particular, we describe bounds and yields for each distinct mechanism, and the way they are sensitive to the bubble production and environmental conditions. We also underline the consequences of each mechanism on some of the many air-sea interactions phenomena identified to date. Attention is specifically payed at delimiting the known from the unknown and the certitudes from the speculations.