Suchergebnisse

Abstract This paper examines the effects of FDI on indigenous new plants' survival, through intra‐ and inter‐industry economic linkages. It includes all manufacturing plants born to indigenous firms from 1973 to 1997 in Canada. The study finds that indigenous plants tend to have shorter lives (more deaths) due to competition with FDI affiliates operating in the same industry, but they benefit from FDI affiliates operating both in downstream industries as customers and in upstream industries as suppliers. The positive inter‐industry effects of FDI outweigh the negative intra‐industry effects, resulting in a net positive impact of FDI on the durations of indigeneous plants.

Abstract There is a large literature on the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on productivity through inter‐industry economic linkages. This paper contributes to the literature by focusing on the developed economy of Canada. It finds that FDI generates strong effects on total factor productivity (TFP) growth through both forward and backward inter‐industry linkages, and increase in an industry's absorptive capacity raises the effects of FDI on TFP growth through forward inter‐industry linkages. For R&D intensive industries, the effects of FDI on TFP growth through inter‐industry linkages are small, but imports turn out to be an important source for TFP growth.

There is an influential literature on trade‐related technology diffusion. This article contributes to that literature by investigating whether north‐south trade‐related technology diffusion has a regional dimension. To do so, we build a weighted foreign research and development index at the industry level to account for international and interindustry technology spillovers. Using parallel analysis for nine developing countries, we find: (1) north‐south trade‐related technology diffusion is strong and significant and (2) north‐south technology diffusion tends to have a regional dimension: developing countries in Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East tend to benefit, respectively, more from trade with Japan, North America, and Europe than from trade with other northern regions. (JEL F1, F15)

The resilient strategy of logistics service supply chains with government participation is not only an effective measure for manufacturers and integrators to lower the risks but also an important component of the modern risk management capability of government. From the perspective of risk society, this paper presupposes the existence of emergencies, embeds the "resilient ability" into the logistics service supply chain, establishes a tripartite evolutionary game model among the government, manufacturers, and integrators, and systematically analyzes the strategy selection process under the participation of the government. On this basis, through numerical experiments, this paper examines the supervision sensitivity with different policies on a micro level, investigates the impact incurred by the change in governmental reward and punishment degree, and further complements the research on the complexity of the strategy selection process in reality. The results show that in the short run, regardless of the reward and punishment measure the government chooses, the manufacturers and integrators will choose not to adopt and implement the resilient supply chain strategy, while, in the long run, increasing manufacturers' initial supervision and implementing relevant reward and punishment measures can guide integrators to choose the strategy. Increasing government integrators' reward degree and reducing costs can thus promote the enthusiasm of integrators in resilient logistics service supply chains.

En este artículo se estudia el efecto del comercio internacional con Japón, la América del Norte y la Unión Europea en la difusión de la tecnología y el crecimiento en la productividad total de los factores (PTF) en Jordania, Corea y México. Las medidas de investigación y desarrollo (ID) se construyen en la base de la ID nivel de industria en el Norte, de las pautas de comercio entre el Norte y el Sur, y de las relaciones de insumo-producto en el Sur. Mostramos que la difusión de la tecnología y el crecimiento de la productividad tienden a ser regionales. Jordania (Corea) (México) se beneficia principalmente del comercio con la Unión Europea (Japón) (América del Norte). Esto es, la versión dinámica de la hipótesis de los "vecinos comerciales naturales" parece válida para este grupo de países.

El presente artículo analiza el efecto de la difusión de la tecnología del Norte (NRD) relacionada con el comercio, la educación y la gobernabilidad en la productividad total de los factores (PTF) en la América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) y otros países en desarrollo. La NRD de los países en desarrollo se define como la suma ponderada de los acervos de ID del Norte, con ponderaciones relacionadas con la apertura para con los socios comerciales del Norte. La NRD especificada por industria se basa en los acervos de ID específicos por industria del Norte, las pautas de comercio entre el Norte y el Sur, y las relaciones entre los insumos y la producción del Sur. Los principales hallazgos son los siguientes: i) el efecto de la educación y la gobernabilidad en la NRD es significativamente mayor en ALC que en otros países en desarrollo, mientras que sucede lo contrario en el caso de la NRD; ii) la educación, la gobernabilidad y la NRD tienen efectos adicionales en la PTF en las industrias de ALC que se caracterizan por una intensa inversión en ID, de la interacción con las otras dos variables, y iii) dado que la NRD aumenta con la apertura hacia el Norte y con los acervos de ID del Norte, ambas variables aumentan la PTF del Sur tanto de manera directa como por medio de la interacción con la educación y la gobernabilidad. Estos efectos de interacción sugieren que un aumento cualquiera de las tres variables de políticas —educación, gobernabilidad y apertura— produce ciclos virtuosos de crecimiento. Dichos ciclos resultan ser menores cuando se trata de un aumento en sólo una de estas variables, más intensos si se presenta un aumento en dos de ellas y todavía más intensos cuando el aumento ocurre en las tres.

This paper examines the relative contribution of openness and the R&D content of trade to TFP growth for North-South trade-related technology diffusion. The measure of foreign R&D used in the literature on trade-related technology diffusion imposes identical contributions of openness and the R&D content of trade to TFP. We allow these contributions to differ and show that openness has a greater impact on TFP growth than R&D. These results imply that the impact of openness on TFP in developing countries is larger than previously obtained in this literature. In other words, developing countries can obtain larger productivity gains from trade liberalization than previously thought.

Abstract This paper examines one direct and three indirect channels of North‐South trade‐related technology diffusion. We find that i) the largest impact on TFP in the South is from direct North‐South technology diffusion; ii) there are also significant effects from indirect North‐South technology diffusion, though their magnitude is smaller than that of the direct one; and iii) the impact of direct North‐South technology diffusion on TFP in the South occurs faster than the impact of indirect technology diffusion.