Suchergebnisse

read before the Society, 23rd April 2020 Symposium: Science-Policy Interfaces and the Environment ; In 2015, 193 UN member countries signed Resolution A/RES/70/1 2030 ? ?Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development?. The United Nations (UN) 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) lie at the heart of this international agenda on sustainable development. The 17 SDGs have associated targets (169) and statistical indicators (251) that aim to assist a follow up and review process for achieving the SDGs. A key contribution of this paper is to create a taxonomy of the SDG Targets, and associated indicators, into desired Outcomes for each of the goals, Linkages (from a defined goal) across all other goals, Means of Implementation (MoIs) to achieve a defined goal and MoIs to achieve the overall agenda across goals. We incorporate our taxonomy into the indicator codes that were developed by UNSD for data transfer, tracking and other statistical purposes in the Global indicator framework for the SDG targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development [as contained in the Annex of the resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (A/RES/71/313), annual refinements contained in E/CN.3/2018/2 (Annex II), E/CN.3/2019/2 (Annex II), 2020 Comprehensive Review changes (Annex II) and annual refinements (Annex III) contained in E/CN.3/2020/2, and annual refinements contained in E/CN.3/2021/2 (Annex)]. The benefit of our taxonomy is shown by way of example using the 83 ?Environmental? SDG targets, and associated indicators, spanning the 17 SDG goals, as defined by the UN Environmental Program (EP). Using the available environmental SDG indicator data for Ireland we benchmarked Ireland?s performance on environmental SDG indicators relative to peer nations in the European Union (EU). Overall, the analysis shows that Ireland is 64 per cent of the way towards the aggregate best performers in the EU in available environmental SDGs indicators. We are also able to decompose Ireland?s overall performance by desirable Outcomes, Linkages and MoIs across the available 83 Environmental SDG Targets. Overall a mixed performance is captured. The agenda needs MoIs and positive Linkages to achieve the desired Outcomes in the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

read before the Society, 23rd April 2020 - Symposium: Science-Policy Interfaces and the Environment ; In 2015, 193 UN member countries signed Resolution A/RES/70/1 2030 – 'Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development'. The United Nations (UN) 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) lie at the heart of this international agenda on sustainable development. The 17 SDGs have associated targets (169) and statistical indicators (251) that aim to assist a follow up and review process for achieving the SDGs. A key contribution of this paper is to create a taxonomy of the SDG Targets, and associated indicators, into desired Outcomes for each of the goals, Linkages (from a defined goal) across all other goals, Means of Implementation (MoIs) to achieve a defined goal and MoIs to achieve the overall agenda across goals. We incorporate our taxonomy into the indicator codes that were developed by UNSD for data transfer, tracking and other statistical purposes in the Global indicator framework for the SDG targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development [as contained in the Annex of the resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (A/RES/71/313), annual refinements contained in E/CN.3/2018/2 (Annex II), E/CN.3/2019/2 (Annex II), 2020 Comprehensive Review changes (Annex II) and annual refinements (Annex III) contained in E/CN.3/2020/2, and annual refinements contained in E/CN.3/2021/2 (Annex)]. The benefit of our taxonomy is shown by way of example using the 83 'Environmental' SDG targets, and associated indicators, spanning the 17 SDG goals, as defined by the UN Environmental Program (EP). Using the available environmental SDG indicator data for Ireland we benchmarked Ireland's performance on environmental SDG indicators relative to peer nations in the European Union (EU). Overall, the analysis shows that Ireland is 64 per cent of the way towards the aggregate best performers in the EU in available environmental SDGs indicators. We are also able to decompose Ireland's overall performance by desirable Outcomes, Linkages and MoIs across the available 83 Environmental SDG Targets. Overall a mixed performance is captured. The agenda needs MoIs and positive Linkages to achieve the desired Outcomes in the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

AbstractMany theoretical models of transition are driven by the assumption that economic decision making is subject to political constraints. In this paper we test whether the 'winners' and 'losers' of economic reform influenced voting behaviour in the first five national elections in the Czech Republic. We propose that voters, taking stock of endowments from the planning era, could predict whether they would become winners or losers of transition. Using survey data we measure the degree to which regions were 'not afraid' or 'afraid' of economic reform in 1990. We define the former as potential 'winners' who should vote for pro‐reform parties and the latter as potential 'losers' who should support left‐wing parties. Using election results and economic indicators at the regional level, we demonstrate that there is persistence in support for pro‐reform and communist parties which is driven by prospective voting based on initial conditions in 1990. We find that regional unemployment rates in 2002 are good predictors of voting patterns in 1990 and provide empirical evidence that political constraints bind during transition.

Many theoretical models of transition are driven by the assumption that economic decision making is subject to political constraints. In this paper we empirically test whether the winners and losers of economic reform determined voting behaviour in the first five national elections in the Czech Republic. We propose that voters, taking stock of endowments from the planning era, could predict whether they would become winners or losers of transition. Using survey data we measure the percentage of individuals by region who were afraid and not afraid of economic reform in 1990. We define the former as potential winners who should vote for pro-reform parties, while latter are potential losers who should support left-wing parties. Using national election results and regional economic indicators, we demonstrate that there is persistence in support for pro-reform and communist parties driven by prospective voting based on initial conditions in 1990. As a result, we show that regional unemployment rates in 2002 are good predictors of regional voting patterns in 1990.