Suchergebnisse

This paper aims to explore the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the international trade patterns of host countries. Based on a comprehensive analysis of relevant domestic and foreign literature, this study sorted out the basic theoretical framework of the interaction between FDI and international trade. On this basis, using the latest panel data and econometric methods, this study conducted an empirical analysis of how FDI affects the export structure, import structure and trade balance of host countries. The findings indicate that foreign direct investment (FDI) plays a crucial role in enhancing the technological advancement of host nations, boosting the sophistication and value of exported goods, and aiding in the diversification of imported products while decreasing reliance on specific raw materials and technologies. In addition, the study also found that FDI can help the host country to improve its trade deficit and enhance its position in the global value chain. Finally, this paper further verifies the above conclusions through case analysis, and puts forward some policy suggestions for the government, including optimizing the foreign investment introduction policy, strengthening the cooperation between local enterprises and foreign enterprises, so as to make better use of FDI to promote the sustainable and healthy economic development of the host country. This study offers a new perspective for understanding the dynamic relationship between FDI and international trade, but also provides an empirical basis for formulating more effective foreign investment policies.

We evaluated the relationship between work stress and mental health in 440 medical workers in East China. We used a modified version of the Work Stress Profile with good psychometric properties to evaluate 3 dimensions of work stress: task, interpersonal relationship, and role ambiguity.
Results showed that role ambiguity work stress was higher in women than in men and overall work stress and task work stress were higher in married than in unmarried participants. In addition, overall work stress and interpersonal relationship work stress were higher in participants who worked
in urban areas than in those who worked in rural areas. Work stress was positively correlated with mental health, which was measured with the Symptom Checklist-90-R. Interpersonal relationship work stress and role ambiguity work stress were significant predictors of mental health.

In January 2017, Cloud9 Consulting was approached by UBC Building Operations (Building Ops) to devise a plan to reach the emission target goals set out by the Climate Action Plan. The brief given was: How should UBC create a significantly more efficient and cost effective fleet of vehicles, while simultaneously dramatically reducing fleet vehicle greenhouse gas emissions? ABOUT THE CLIENT UBC Building Ops is the on-campus maintenance organization who manages a large fleet of vehicles for the campus. Through partnerships and economies of scale, the organization is able to achieve low costs for vehicles, fuel and maintenance services. UBC Building Ops has reduced emissions by 45% since 2007, though they have a ways to go to hit their targets for the future. Most importantly, 54% of all campus vehicles are owned outside of the organization, making hitting future targets more challenging. The largest issue Building Ops is facing currently, is that not all faculties within UBC share the same vision on reaching the emissions targets. Even if they did, Building Ops has no way to monitor their progress as many of their vehicles are outside the organization's fleet. This main problem leads to three major symptoms, which include: 1. Emissions per vehicle still remain too high 2. Too many UBC-owned vehicles are on campus 3. Internal operations are not optimized for campus Cloud9 has executed primary and secondary research in order to provide recommendations for Building Ops moving forward. ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS All recommendations by Cloud9 will be focusing on the 2050 goal of zero emissions. Though the 2020 benchmark is much sooner, Cloud9 has discovered that costs associated with focusing on two separate goals will be much higher than focusing on the second of the two. With the recommendations in place for 2050, 2020 goals will simultaneously be achieved. Building Ops is not yet in a position to fully centralize all vehicles on UBC, mainly, because there are departments who are opposed to joining, despite the clear data on costs savings and the benefit associated with the centralized fleet. Cloud9 initially considered an incentive program or cap and trade to either incentivise or nudge the faculties into joining, though we quickly understood that this may be seen as coercion and may not be adopted fondly by the faculties. That being said, our recommendations are built around the non-member faculties owning their own car, though attempting to create a shared values with Building Ops to achieve the emission targets. Recommendation alternatives were evaluated based on their ability to lower the symptoms outlined above, and include their ability to: 1. Lower greenhouse gas emissions 2. Reduce fleet size 3. Optimization of the Building Ops system After careful consideration and analysis, the three recommendations are as follows: 1. Remove fossil fuel vehicles and collect data 2. Reduce fleet size 3. Optimize campus operations Though these are lofty goals, Cloud9 has outlined tactics to make each recommendation realistic and ready to be implemented. Recommendation 1: Remove fossil fuel vehicles and collect data Recommendation one is built around government subsidized programs to incentivise car owners to trade in their vehicle for a clean energy vehicle. Using these governmental programs in junction with a Building Ops subsidy should be enough of an incentive for faculties to switch out their vehicles. The only request from Building Ops, would be that the faculty insert a telematics device in their car for solely the purpose of data collection. This recommendation will work because it is enough of an incentive to sway the faculties to move to non-GHG emitting vehicles, while Building Ops has slightly more control over the vehicles that are not associated with Building Ops. The data collected will be used to further improve the system moving forward. Recommendation 2: Reduce fleet size There is a binding constraint to fully electrifying all on-campus vehicles, and that is the lack of infrastructure to support it (charging stations, power, etc.). Our second recommendation is the introduction of Veemo bikes by Velometro. Unlike other bike sharing programs such as Mobi, Veemo provides a car-like experience using solar panels on the roof to generate electricity. Veemo's enclosed, electric-assist and three-wheeled vehicle is regulated as a bicycle. These bikes have the ability to replace vehicles for small, nearby jobs. Veemo is already partnered with UBC to conduct a test run of the bikes Spring 2017. Building Ops shouldn't have a problem receiving a few vehicles to add to their fleet on a test-basis. Recommendation 3: Optimize campus operations Our last recommendation focuses on long-term costs. Cloud9 recommends Building Ops take the data collected from our first recommendation, and use it to create a centralized deployment application to improve efficiency. Building Ops currently function with 9 different platforms, this program will reduce the need of an employee to manage and deploy the vehicles. Cloud9 takes these strategies and tactics into further depth in this report. This plan lays the groundwork to reach UBC's 2050 goal of zero emissions, as well as key metrics and change management. Disclaimer: "UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report." ; Other UBC ; Unreviewed ; Undergraduate