Suchergebnisse

The current publication covers Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo under UNSCR 1244/99, the FYR Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia, and provides an overview of the agricultural situation in the European Union (EU) candidate and potential candidate countries of the Western Balkans (WBs). The objective was to provide an analysis of the development and current situation in agriculture and agricultural policy in these countries as relates to the EU accession process. The individual country reports, as well as a cross-country overview and comparison, have been prepared as a part of 'AgriPolicy' project, which was financially supported by the European Commission under the 7th framework program. CONTENTS: PREFACE . I; EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. 1, Tina Volk, Miroslav Rednak, Emil Erjavec; CHAPTER 1: Western Balkan agriculture and agricultural policy - Cross-country overview and comparison. 7, Tina Volk, Miroslav Rednak, Emil Erjavec; CHAPTER 2: Review of agriculture and agricultural policy in Albania. 37, Roland Cela, Shkelzen Marku, Drini Imami; CHAPTER 3: Review of agriculture and agricultural policy in Bosnia and Herzegovina . 63, Sabahudin Bajramović, Dragana Ognjenović, Aleksandra Nikolić; CHAPTER 4: Review of agriculture and agricultural policy in Croatia . 93, Ornella Mikuš, Željka Mesic, Marija Cerjak; CHAPTER 5: Review of agriculture and agricultural policy in Kosovo under UNSCR 1244/99. 123, Muhedin Nushi; CHAPTER 6: Review of agriculture and agricultural policy in FYR Macedonia. 145, Dragi Dimitrievski, Nenad Georgiev, Ana Simonovska, Aleksandra Martinovska Stojceska, Ana Kotevska; CHAPTER 7: Review of agriculture and agricultural policy in Montenegro . 165, Božidarka Marković, Milan Marković; CHAPTER 8: Review of agriculture and agricultural policy in Serbia . 189, Natalija Bogdanov, Dragica Bozic; CHAPTER 9: Agricultural policy measures template - A tool for classifying and analyzing agricultural policy measures . 219, Miroslav Rednak, Tina Volk

The purpose of the research was to find out the economic efficiency of different types of cattle breeding specializations. The income of farms was evaluated on the basis of models. The results have shown that price relationships had a decisive influence on the efficiency of particular type of specialization. At the current price relationships in Slovenia milk production is economically still the most efficient type of specialization and hard to compete with by the farms specialized into fattening cattle breeding due to large areas of agricultural land required by this type of specialization. Stable price relationships are necessary for a more rapid development of fattening cattle breeding but, without an appropriate premium policy, breeding of fattening cows and that of slaughtering first calving heifers in the conditions where agricultural land is a limiting factor will not be able to undergo a more intensive development. ; Cilj raziskave je bil ugotoviti ekonomsko uspešnost pri različnih tipih gospodarstev in različnih govedorejskih usmeritvah. Dohodak kmetij smo izvrednotili na osnovi modelov. Rezultati so pokazali, da imajo cenovna ruzmerja odločilen vpliv na uspešnost posamezne usmeritve. Trenutno je v Sloveniji še vedno ekonomsko daleč najbolj uspešna pridelava mleka, ki ji usmeritve v rejo govedi za meso težko konkurirajo tudi zaradi velikih površin kmetijske zemlje, ki jih te usmeritve zahtevajo. Za hitrejši razvoj reje govedi za meso so potrebna stabilna cenovna razmerja, brez ustrezne politike premiranja pa se reja krav za meso in reja klavnih prvesnic v razmerah, kjer predstavlja zemlja omejitveni dejavnik, ne bo pomembneje razvila.

U radu je prikazano slovensko iskustvo s novim procesom širenja Europske unije (EU), vezano uz područje poljoprivrede. Postupak koji prethodi pridruživanju obuhvaća usklađivanje zakonodavstva, izgradnju institucija, prilagođavanje poljoprivredne politike, pregovore o pridruživanju te usklađivanje i restrukturiranje poljoprivrede i prehrambene industrije prema uvjetima na unutrašnjem tržištu EU. Razvoj poljoprivrede i poljoprivredna politika u Sloveniji znatno se razlikuje od stanja u EU. Stoga Slovenija mora provesti temeljitu reformu poljoprivredne politike, prvenstveno uvođenjem izravnih plaćanja i drugih komparativnih mehanizama Zajedničke poljoprivredne politike (Common Agricultural Policy, CAP). Reformi će pomoći novi Zakon o poljoprivredi kojim su osigurane pretpostavke za provedbu usporedive poljoprivredne politike. Ured za poljoprivredno tržište i razvoj sela ustanovljen je kao organizacija odgovorna za provedbu mjera predviđenih CAP-om. Tijekom procesa pregovaranja Slovenija je obavila dvogodišnje snimanje stanja zakonodavstva i dostavila svoja pregovaračka stajališta. U stajalištima je iskazana spremnost za usvajanje pravnog poretka EU (acquis), uz zahtjev za manjim trajnim ili privremenim odstupanjima od acquisa, te status jednak statusu današnjih zemalja članica kada je riječ o dodjeli proračunskih sredstava (posebno izravnih plaćanja). Reforme i proces pregovaranja bile su praćene agroekonomskim istraživanjima, uz usporednu analizu poljoprivrede i poljoprivredne politike, te su rađene procjene posljedica pridruživanja temeljene na modelima i stanju grane. Pridruživanje bi za slovensku poljoprivredu bilo povoljno tek kada bi, što je politički manje realno, Slovenija imala tretman jednak današnjim zemljama članicama i kada bi ostvarila jednaku razinu konkurentnosti poljoprivrede i prehrambene industrije. ; The paper presents Slovenia's experience with the new European Union (EU) enlargement process in the area of agriculture. The pre-accession process incorporates the harmonisation of legislation, institution building, adjustment of the agricultural policy, accession negotiations, and adjustment and restructuring of agriculture and food-processing industry for the competitive conditions of the EU internal market. The development of agriculture and the agricultural policy in Slovenia have been considerably different from that in the EU. Slovenia, therefore, has to undergo a thorough agricul¬tural policy reform, marked particularly by the introduction of direct payments and other comparable mechanisms of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The reform is supported by the new Agricul¬ture Act, which provides a basis for implementing comparable agricultural policy. The Agency for Agricultural Markets and Rural Development has been established as an organisation responsible for implementation of the CAP measures. During the negotiating process Slovenia has so far carried out a thorough two-year screening of legislation and submitted its negotiating position. In the posi¬tion, Slovenia expressed its readiness to adopt the acquis, it requested some minor permanent or tem¬porary derogation from the acquis, and required to have a status equal to that of the present Member States with regard to the distribution of budgetary funds (in particular direct payments). Reforms and the negotiating process have over the period been supported by the agricultural economic research, based on a comparative analysis of agriculture and agricultural policy, and the model-based and sectoral estimation of effects of accession. Accession will be favourable for the Slovenian agriculture only in case, which is politically less realistic, that it will be treated equally to the present Member States and that it achieves equal level of competitiveness of agriculture and food-processing industry.

Im Artikel werden die ökonomischen Effekte der Agrarpolitik in Slowenien, vor allem in der Tierproduktion, in der Vorbereitungsperiode des Anschlusses an die Europäischen Union erörtert. Zwei unterschiedliche Modelle wurden ausgesucht: Der Agricultural Policy Analysis Simulator (APAS) und die Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM), mit denen die Markttendenzen (Angebot und Nachfrage), die Außenhandelsströme (Selbstversorgung), die Einkommenssituation sowie die Konkurrenzindikatoren und die Wohlfahrtseffektefür fünf verschiedene Umstände zwischen 1997 (als Ausgangslage) und 2003 eingeschätztwerden. Das CEFTA Handelsabkommen könnte die wirtschaftliche Situation des slowenischen Agrarsektors deutlich verschlechtern, der Brutto-Rohertrag könnte um etwa 16% fallen und das Einkommen um zwei Drittel im Vergleich zur Basissituation (die Fortsetzung der bisherigen Politik) sinken. Der Reformvorschlag der slowenischen Agrarpolitik könnte diese Verluste im allgemeinen ausgleichen, allerdings nur dann, wenn sich die Preis- und Einkommenslage zwischen den Produkten signifikant verändern sollte. Die Rinder-, Geflügel und Weizenproduktion und im allgemeinen auch die Tierproduktion können deutlich reduziert werden. Eine Ãœbernahme der im Rahmen der Agenda 2000 beschlossenen Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik (GAP) der Europäischen Union könnte die wirtschaftliche Situation im Agrarsektor Sloweniens verbessern, was besonders den Rindersektor betrifft. Die Ergebnisse sind von der Zahlung der Ausgleichszahlungen abhängig. Die GAP könnte auch den Schweine- und Geflügelmarkt insoweit liberalisieren, dass sich die Lage der Produzenten in diesen zwei Sektoren, die in Slowenien noch immer relativ geschützt sind, signifikant veschlechtert. (Schlüsselwörter: Slowenien, Agrarpolitik, EU, CEFTA, Integrationseffekte) ; Objective of the paper is to estimate the economic effects of possible pre-accession agricultural policy scenarios for Slovene agriculture with special emphasis on livestock production. Agricultural Policy Analysis Simulator (APAS) and Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) methodology has been applied to estimate likely market (supply and demand changes), trade flow (self-sufficiency and international trade) and income trends as well as competitiveness and welfare effects of five policy scenarios for period 1997 (base year) till 2003. CEFTA Agreement proved to be poor solution for Slovene agriculture, reducing agricultural output by 16% and income to one third in comparison with baseline. Proposed reform of national agricultural policy would bring producers ' losses back, however, situation in comparison with baseline scenario (continuation of current policy) will be quite different, discouraging still beef, poultry and wheat sector, and lowering production in all livestock sectors. Complete adoption of reformed EU CAP according to Agenda 2000 would improve general picture of Slovene agriculture, among livestock foremost cattle production. Beef producers woidd benefit the most, followed by dairy farmers. EU policy with almost complete liberalised pork and poultry market proved as bad prospect for intensive industrialised farming, far from being competitive on open market. ; Objective of the paper is to estimate the economic effects of possible pre-accession agricultural policy scenarios for Slovene agriculture with special emphasis on livestock production. Agricultural Policy Analysis Simulator (APAS) and Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) methodology has been applied to estimate likely market (supply and demand changes), trade flow (self-sufficiency and international trade) and income trends as well as competitiveness and welfare effects of five policy scenarios for period 1997 (base year) till 2003. CEFTA Agreement proved to be poor solution for Slovene agriculture, reducing agricultural output by 16% and income to one third in comparison with baseline. Proposed reform of national agricultural policy would bring producers ' losses back, however, situation in comparison with baseline scenario (continuation of current policy) will be quite different, discouraging still beef, poultry and wheat sector, and lowering production in all livestock sectors. Complete adoption of reformed EU CAP according to Agenda 2000 would improve general picture of Slovene agriculture, among livestock foremost cattle production. Beef producers woidd benefit the most, followed by dairy farmers. EU policy with almost complete liberalised pork and poultry market proved as bad prospect for intensive industrialised farming, far from being competitive on open market.