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Over the last two decades, public confidence and trust in Government has declined visibly in several liberal democracies, giving way instead to disillusionment with current political institutions, actors, and practices; rendering obsolete or inappropriate much of traditional democratic politics. Simultaneously, digital technologies have created huge opportunities for public bodies and agencies. In analysing the No. 10 Downing Street ePetitions Initiative based in the United Kingdom, this chapter engages with issues related to the innovative use of digital network technology by Government to involve citizens in policy processes and to buffer national security within existing democratic frameworks. The work examines whether the application of new digital platforms to participatory democracy in the Government 2.0 era leads eventually to radical transformations in government functioning and the body politic, or merely to modest, unspectacular political reform and to the emergence of technology-based obsessive-compulsive pathologies and trolling behaviours amongst individuals in society.

This article critically examines the role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in governmental reform processes in development through a case study of the Greater Bangalore Municipal Corporation. The study explores the increasing use of ICTs for property taxation and its impact on municipal government reform processes within a developing world context. Attracted by the 'hype and hope' of such technologies and related platforms, development actors across the world have adopted computer-based systems and related ICTs for use in government as a means reforming the inefficiencies in public service provision. Much has been written about e-governance within a growing stream of literature on ICT for development, generating countervailing perspectives where optimistic, technocratic approaches are countered by far more sceptical standpoints on technological innovation. This paper will examine not only the interplay of local contingencies and external influences acting upon the project's implementation but also aim to offer an insight into disjunctions in these relationships which inhibit the effective exploitation of ICTs in the given context. The research on which this paper is based focus on an empirical case study surrounding the implementation and use of an electronic property tax collection system in Bangalore, India between 1998 and 2008. Drawing on the theoretical perspectives of the 'Ecology of Games' and 'Design-Actuality Gaps' which recognise the importance of a multitude of diverse motives and individualistic behaviour as key factors influencing organisational reform and institutional change, the article contributes not just to an understanding of the role of ICTs in administrative reform in development, but towards that emerging body of research which is critical of managerial rationalism for an organization as a whole, and sensitive to an ecology of actors and their various motivations within the organisation.

Over the last two decades, public confidence and trust in Government has declined visibly in several Western liberal democracies owing to a distinct lack of opportunities for citizen participation in political processes; and has instead given way instead to disillusionment with current political institutions, actors, and practices. The rise of the Internet as a global communications medium and the advent of digital platforms has opened up huge opportunities and raised new challenges for public institutions and agencies, with digital technology creating new forms of community; empowering citizens and reforming existing power structures in a way that has rendered obsolete or inappropriate many of the tools and processes of traditional democratic politics. Through an analysis of the No. 10 Downing Street ePetitions Initiative based in the United Kingdom, this article seeks to engage with issues related to the innovative use of network technology by Government to involve citizens in policy processes within existing democratic frameworks in order to improve administration, to reform democratic processes, and to renew citizen trust in institutions of governance. In particular, the work seeks to examine whether the application of the new Information and Communication Technologies to participatory democracy in the Government 2.0 era would eventually lead to radical transformations in government functioning, policymaking, and the body politic, or merely to modest, unspectacular political reform and to the emergence of technology-based, obsessive-compulsive pathologies and Internet-based trolling behaviours amongst individuals in society.

Co-creation focuses on engagement with citizens and other stakeholders with public administrations to develop innovative processes or public services. The integration of resources and knowledge mediated by technology can lead to the emergence of novel outcomes (such as products, services, processes, and social practices), but it is necessary to understand the mechanisms that lead to sustainable co-created innovation and outcomes. The aim of this research article is to contribute a more nuanced understanding of the impact of sustainability on co-creation of digital public services. To study co-creation and sustainability in the context of the public administrations in depth, a qualitative research approach was used. The data were collected through moderated discussions conducted during a workshop held with 20 experts and practitioners in the field of public sector digital transformation, during which participants shared their views and experiences in a free-flowing conversation. A systematic two-cycle analysis approach based on Grounded Theory was used to code and analyse the data collected. Results from this study focus on developing a common understanding of sustainability within the context of co-created digital public services, an exploration of how sustainability in public administrations may be supported by co-creation and a critical examination of the elements that contribute to the sustainability of digital public services—all drawing on existing examples of co-creation initiatives from within the public sector.

Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents -- General E-Democracy and E-Participation -- Shaping up e-Participation Evaluation: A Multi-criteria Analysis -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction: e-Participation Evaluation and Democracy -- 2 Methods and Materials -- 2.1 Description of Data -- 2.2 Procedure -- 3 Results -- 4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Evaluating E-Participation Institutional Design. A Pilot Study of Regional Platforms in Russia -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 E-Participation Institutional Design Evaluation -- 2.1 Related Work and Analytical Framework -- 2.2 Operationalization of Access, Embeddedness and Control -- 3 A Pilot Study of Regional E-Participation in Russia -- 3.1 E-Participation in Russian Regions: An Overview of Institutionalization Process -- 3.2 Preliminary Results of Evaluation -- 3.3 Exploring the Variety of Designs -- 3.4 Discussion: Limitations and Future Research -- 4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Evaluation of Government Information Systems Effectiveness: The Case of e-Participation Portals in Russia -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Research Methodology -- 4 Results -- 5 Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- MPs and Audiences on Social Media During Emergencies: Automatic and Manual Content Analyses of Facebook Posts -- Abstract -- 1 Literature Review -- 1.1 Media in Emergencies -- 1.2 Online Social Media in Emergencies -- 1.3 Patriotism and Rallying Around the Flag During Emergencies -- 1.4 Contact Between Politicians and Audiences Through Social Media -- 1.5 The Israel/Gaza War, 2014 -- 2 Research Questions -- 2.1 Publication and Engagement During Emergency and Ordinary Times -- 2.2 Content of Posts Published During Emergency and Ordinary Times -- 2.3 Sentiment and Tone of Posts Published During Emergency and Ordinary Times.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose an enhanced conceptual model for the integrated public service (IPS) functionality of the European interoperability framework (EIF). The enhanced model incorporates co-creation within the three stages of the IPS cycle. While co-creation can provide innovative routes to overcome interoperability challenges, how co-creation can be a part of the EIF has not been tackled before (Casiano Flores, et al., 2021).


Design/methodology/approach
A preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses scoping literature review was used to develop the model and identify decisive aspects of co-creation, service users and service providers. Next, a purposive snowball sampling of grey literature comprising primarily of official documentation produced by the European Union was then undertaken to further inform the central argument. Finally, the subsequent validation of the model and derived conclusions was undertaken both internally and externally by peers and experts.


Findings
Relationships between key sets of actors during co-creation are bi-directional. Furthermore, different sets of actors are, in turn, service providers and service users depending on the service provided and the stage in the public service cycle under consideration. Understanding these bi-directional interrelationships can help improve public services provided by governmental actors through collaboration with users.


Originality/value
Most public service delivery models see relationships between key stakeholders as unidirectional and one-dimensional. By contrast, this study proposes a shift in paradigm where IPS users are not passive actors and mere consumers of services but instead are key stakeholders actively participating in IPS provision.

Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents -- General E-Government and Open Government -- Suomi.fi - Towards Government 3.0 with a National Service Platform -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 Research Process -- 4 Results -- 4.1 National Architecture Program in Finland -- 4.2 KaPa Program in Light of Government 3.0 -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Understanding an Integrated Management System in a Government Agency - Focusing Institutional Carriers -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Previous Research -- 2.1 Institutional Theory and Information Technology -- 2.2 Institutional Pillars and Carriers -- 2.3 Integrated Management Systems and Governance -- 3 Research Approach and Case Study Introduction -- 4 Analysis -- 4.1 The IMS and the Management Group Carrying the IMS -- 4.2 The Intranet Carrying the IMS -- 4.3 Findings and Lessons Learned - How the IMS Is Carried -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Live Enrolment for Identity Documents in Europe -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Live Enrolment Processes in Sweden, Norway, Kosovo and Estonia -- 3 Literature Review -- 4 Hypotheses -- 5 Discussion -- 5.1 Making the Decision to Go Live -- 5.2 Implementing Live Enrolment -- 5.3 A Multi-faceted Situation -- 6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Understanding Public Healthcare Service Quality from Social Media -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Data -- 4 Methodology -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Group Development Stages in Open Government Data Engagement Initiatives: A Comparative Case Studies Analysis -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 2.1 Open Government Data Engagement -- 2.2 Group Development Stages -- 3 Research Methodology -- 3.1 Case Study Design -- 3.2 Data Collection and Analysis -- 4 Results -- 4.1 The Development of the Kawal Pemilu Group.