Suchergebnisse

The wine Common Market Organisation has established two concepts for recognizing the quality of wines in the European Union (EU). The first corresponds to the so-called Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), and the second to the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI). The set of Spanish PDOs includes the subset of Spanish DOs (Designation of Origin), which have been recognized as quality wines by Spanish authorities since 1932. Spain accounts for 67 DOs but, due to a lack of data, only 34 of them are suitable for carrying out our analysis. We will analyze the efficiency of this subset for the 2008, 2009 and 2010 seasons resorting to Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and using a new additive based efficiency measure known as BAM (Bounded Adjusted Measure). Since we are using panel data, we will also evaluate the productivity associated with this data set resorting to Malmquist indexes. Our results show that the efficiency behavior of the subset of Spanish DOs is uniform over the time periods analyzed and that productivity experiments only minor and irrelevant changes. They also show that three DOs are in a very good competitive position while another three DOs are in a very bad position. We end up suggesting some economic reasons for explaining these results.

4 páginas, 3 figuras.-- PACS numbers: 41.20.Jb, 42.25.Fx, 42.79.Ag.-- et al. ; We investigate band formation in one-dimensional periodic arrays of rectangular holes which have a nanoscale width but a length of 100 μm. These holes are tailored to work as resonators in the terahertz frequency regime. We study the evolution of the electromagnetic response with the period of the array, showing that this dependence is not monotonic due to both the oscillating behavior of the coupling between holes and its long-range character. ; The experimental work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) (SRC, No. R11-2008-095-01000-0), the Korea Research Foundation (KRF), KICOS (GRL, K20815000003), Hi Seoul Science/Humanities grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (No. 2009-0071309), the Seoul R&BD Program (10543), and Seoul Scholarship Foundation. The theory work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under Projects No. MAT2008- 06609-C02, No. CSD2007-046-NanoLight.es, and by Grant No. RyC-2009-05489. ; Peer reviewed