Metamorphic Processes: Reactions and Microstructure Development
In: Springer eBook Collection
1 Background Discussion -- Scope of Metamorphism -- Temperatures and Pressures of Metamorphism -- Movement of Material in Metamorphism -- Mineral Assemblages ('Pangeneses') -- Microstructures of Metamorphic Rocks -- Preferred Orientation in Metamorphic Rocks -- Metamorphic Grade -- Metamorphic Facies -- Tectonic Setting of Metamorphism -- References -- 2 Equilibrium Aspects of Metamorphic Reactions -- Driving Force for Metamorphic Reactions -- Types of Metamorphic Reactions -- Variance of Metamorphic Reactions -- Metamorphic Reactions and Resulting Assemblages -- Sliding Reactions at Isograds -- Effect of One Phase on the Stability of Another -- Criteria of Stable Coexistence of Metamorphic Minerals -- Domains of Local (Mosaic) Equilibrium -- Calculation of the Topology of Metamorphic Phase Diagrams (Schreinemakers' Analysis) -- Calculation of Slopes of Reaction Curves -- Experimental Location of Reaction Curves -- Reversal of Experimental Reactions -- Discrepancies Between Calculated and Experimentally Determined Reaction Curves -- Open Systems in Metamorphism -- Fluid Phase in Metamorphism -- Pressure of Fluid Phase -- Effect of Fluid Pressure on Reaction Curves -- Effects of Composition of Fluid Phase (Fugacities of Mixed Volatile Components) on Reaction Curves -- Effect of Oxygen Fugacity -- Coexisting Magnetite and Ilmenite -- Effect of fO2 on Hydrous Silicates Without Cations of Variable Valency -- Distribution of Elements Between Coexisting Minerals -- References -- 3 Kinetics of Metamorphic Reactions -- Diffusion in Metamorphism -- Nucleation and Growth -- Application of Reaction Kinetics to Metamorphism -- Zoning in Metamorphic Minerals -- Problems of Aragonite in Metamorphic Rocks -- Kinetics of the Reaction: Calcite + Quartz ? Wollastonite + CO2 -- References -- 4 Reactions in Metamorphic Rocks -- Mechanisms of Metamorphic Reactions -- Reactions in Metapelitic Systems -- Reactions in Mafic and Ultramafic Systems -- How Relevant Are Available Experimental and Theoretical Determinations of P-T-X Equilibria? -- Retrograde Reactions -- Reactions Involving Zoned Minerals -- Reactions Involving Zoned Garnet -- Compositional Changes During Metamorphism ('Metamorphic Differentiation') -- References -- 5 Stable Metamorphic Microstructures -- Unstable Grain Arrangements -- Stable Grain Arrangements in Isotropic Single Phase Aggregates -- Anisotropic Single Phase Aggregates -- Aggregates with More than One Phase -- Spatial and Size Distribution of Grains in Metamorphic Rocks -- Environments of Grain Adjustment in the Solid State -- References -- 6 Deformation, Recovery and Recrystallisation Processes -- Brittle Versus Ductile Deformation -- Crystal Plasticity -- Primary Modes of Intragranular Plastic Deformation -- Secondary Modes of Deformation -- Dislocations -- How Do Dislocations Assist Deformation? -- Experimental Detection of Dislocations -- Mobility of Dislocations -- Production of Dislocations -- Dislocations in Relation to Work-Hardening and -Softening -- Partial Dislocations -- Dislocations in Non-Metals -- Surface Imperfections 160 Effect of Grain Boundaries on Deformation (Intergranular Deformation) -- Recovery and Recrystallisation 166 Development of Crystallographic Preferred Orientation by Recrystallisation -- Development of Preferred Orientations by Deformation -- Some Generalities -- Appendix: Methods of Detecting Slip Systems -- References -- 7 Deformation, Recovery and Recrystallisation of Some Common Silicates -- Quartz -- Olivine -- Layer Silicates -- Plagioclase -- 8 Relationships between Chemical and Physical Processes in Metamorphism -- Effect of Chemical Reactions on Rock Mechanical Properties -- Effect of Differential Deformation on Mineral Assemblage -- Examples of Metamorphic Layering Formed By Preferential Removal of Minerals -- Large-Scale Metasomatism and Deformation -- Pegmatites and Deformation -- Migmatites -- Time Relationships between Deformation and Mineral Growth -- Solution Transfer -- Spinodal Decomposition? -- References -- Author Index.