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AbstractRecent empirical evidence shows that conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes do not have an aggregate effect on the adult labour supply. However, little attention has been paid to the role of other intrahousehold dynamics. This paper examines how the parental labour supply response to CCT programmes varies with the bargaining power structure of households. We analyse a randomized experimental CCT design from rural areas of Honduras (PRAF) and found that women with more bargaining power in the household are four percentage points less likely to be employed than other women.

Hundreds of millions of children are losing learning opportunities, resulting in
potentially large losses in their lifetime education, health, income, and productivity.
Losses in long-term earnings from preprimary program closures due to COVID-19 can be
unprecedented. Acute effects are plausible for such disruptions early in life when
brains are rapidly developing and are very sensitive to environmental changes. This
study briefly reviews existing literature related to the effects of preprimary programs
and builds on this literature to present the first simulations of the long-run earnings
losses—when current preschool-age children become adults—due to COVID-19 related
preprimary-program closures in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The simulations
are available for 26 LAC countries, representing varied contexts in terms of
pre-pandemic preprimary-participation rates, income levels, and demographic indicators.
Our results suggest that the present discounted value of lifetime losses is
considerable, up to 4 percent of current annual GDPs. Timely policies, such as the
implementation of remedial strategies, are needed to mitigate the effects of
preprimary-program closures. JEL Classification Codes: I2; I24; J13; I26; I28