Suchergebnisse

Childbirth postponement has been a widely discussed topic since the 1990s, and was pushed to the top of the demographic agenda with the emergence of the Second Demographic Transition (SDT) paradigm. Mechanisms of childbirth postponement mostly explained by economists or sociologists were understood as rational-based decisions of individuals (or couples) trying to cope with the requirements of modern society. These mechanisms explained by income and consumption rationale (Becker, Modigliani), or by liberal and postmodern values (Van de Kaa, Lestheage), barely mention the physiological limitations of the individual choice. These limitations given by the human species reproductive span, with no exception, affect everyone trying to make an optimal reproductive choice. There are two main effects of fertility postponement on births and fertility rates. The first effect arises when couples postpone childbearing to a later age during a certain period and fewer births take place than in the absence of such postponement – the 'tempo effect'. The second is a negative effect of fertility postponement on completed fertility and increased childlessness attributable to the age-related increase in infertility. This second negative effect in particular is our field of interest. The decline in cohort fertility due to postponement has been mostly studied using data on age at first birth and subsequent fertility, as well as models of fecundity, pregnancy loss and time to conception by age, which we will try to apply to the period data. Using period data, we will try to quantify the potential number of births that would occur in the absence of childbirth postponement in Serbia during the past two decades.

The birth incentive strategy envisages broad activation of local self-government in the field of childbearing to meet the specific needs of the local population. In this sense, this article aims to present the situation in the field of fertility of the population and the potential area of operation for the socioeconomic indicators of the population and the local environment in the case of nine cities in Serbia at the local public policy makers. Nine selected cities with between 100 and 150 thousand inhabitants can represent a significant "incubator" of birth rehabilitation in Serbia, with relatively even spatial distribution. Analysis and comparison of socioeconomic indicators in selected cities will identify those spheres of life that can be operated in order to create favorable conditions for childbirth. ; Strategija podsticanja rađanja predviđa široku aktivaciju lokalne samouprave na polju podsticanja rađanja kako bi se izašlo u susret specifičnim potrebama stanovništva na lokalu. U tom smislu ovaj članak ima za cilj da na primeru devet gradova u Srbiji kreatorima javnih politika na lokalnom nivou predstavi stanje u sferi fertiliteta stanovništva i potencijalni prostor za delovanje kada su u pitanju socioekonomski indikatori stanovništva i lokalne sredine. Devet izabranih gradova veličine od 100 do 150 hiljada stanovnika mogu predstavljati značajan "inkubator" rehabilitacije rađanja u Srbiji i to sa relativno ravnomernom prostornom distribucijom. Analiza i komparacija demografskih i socioekonomskih indikatora u izabranim gradovima identifikovaće one sfere života na koje je moguće delovati u cilju stvaranja povoljnijih uslova za rađanje.

One of the two key measures to encourage birth within the Law on Financial Support to the Family with Children is salary compensation during parental leave. The very nature of maternity leave as a financial measure (based on the previous version of the Law) additionally contributed to the birth postponement in the period of stable employment. Under the conditions of high unemployment of young women, this measure seems to have deepened the problem because women were waiting for permanent employment on the basis of which they could obtain the right to maternity leave, young women often postponed birth for many years, objectively reducing the chances of conception. The new version of the Law formulates the specific conditions for gaining the right to salary compensation in a different way, which will almost certainly result in a much greater coverage by this measure. On the other hand, the method of calculating the compensation base is such that the average amount of compensation in relation to the previous version of the Law could be lower, so it can be concluded that the legislator wanted to achieve as much coverage as possible with a relatively similar amount of budgetary allocations. These amendments to the Law could have a positive effect through increased coverage and greater impact through creating a pro-family climate in a country that supports the family. Secondly, population groups that work on temporary and occasional jobs, and especially young people engaged in short-term contracts (under six months), whose work arrangements are often interrupted, will now be covered. Thirdly, the formulated conditions in this manner will potentially allow faster acquisition of the right to compensation at a lower age. Fourth, gaining rights at a lower age will potentially influence the pace of fertility and indirectly to the birth quantum. Regardless of the fact that by adopting the latest version the Law is undoubtedly improved, there is still a huge space for its significant improvement. As it was pointed out that ...

This paper is one of the results of the project Research of Demographic Phenomena in the Function of Public Policies in Serbia, and is treating fertility as one of the major concerns of the current population development in Serbia. The aim of the paper is to analyze fertility levels in Serbia beyond the four basic recommendations proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) regarding childbearing, and to give suggestions on how parental allowance could be reformulated if the recommendations were adopted. Birth levels and demographic structures are analyzed using demographic methods. Many European countries, including Serbia, are implementing the population policy trying to increase fertility levels to the replacement level. The legislative framework within which the pronatalist measures are being implemented was defi ned 13 years ago, and did not include all four WHO recommendations. The fi rst indications of the pronatalist measures failure have been visible during the past few years, consequently resulting in the need to evaluate their effects and redefi ne basic fi nancial measures. Having compared two basic fi nancial measures (parental leave and parental allowance), we believe that parental allowance is the key measure of the pronatalist policy, since it is realized on the basis of birth only (parental leave is realized on the basis of employment).

This paper is one of the results of the project Research of Demographic Phenomena in the Function of Public Policies in Serbia, and is treating fertility as one of the major concerns of the current population development in Serbia. The aim of the paper is to analyze fertility levels in Serbia beyond the four basic recommendations proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) regarding childbearing, and to give suggestions on how parental allowance could be reformulated if the recommendations were adopted. Birth levels and demographic structures are analyzed using demographic methods. Many European countries, including Serbia, are implementing the population policy trying to increase fertility levels to the replacement level. The legislative framework within which the pronatalist measures are being implemented was defined 13 years ago, and did not include all four WHO recommendations. The first indications of the pronatalist measures failure have been visible during the past few years, consequently resulting in the need to evaluate their effects and redefine basic financial measures. Having compared two basic financial measures (parental leave and parental allowance), we believe that parental allowance is the key measure of the pronatalist policy, since it is realized on the basis of birth only (parental leave is realized on the basis of employment).

This paper is one of the results of the project Research of Demographic Phenomena in the Function of Public Policies in Serbia, and is treating fertility as one of the major concerns of the current population development in Serbia. The aim of the paper is to analyze fertility levels in Serbia beyond the four basic recommendations proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) regarding childbearing, and to give suggestions on how parental allowance could be reformulated if the recommendations were adopted. Birth levels and demographic structures are analyzed using demographic methods. Many European countries, including Serbia, are implementing the population policy trying to increase fertility levels to the replacement level. The legislative framework within which the pronatalist measures are being implemented was defined 13 years ago, and did not include all four WHO recommendations. The first indications of the pronatalist measures failure have been visible during the past few years, consequently resulting in the need to evaluate their effects and redefine basic financial measures. Having compared two basic financial measures (parental leave and parental allowance), we believe that parental allowance is the key measure of the pronatalist policy, since it is realized on the basis of birth only (parental leave is realized on the basis of employment).