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Intro -- Preface -- 1 The specificity of farming -- 2 The farm labour process -- 3 Markets and technology: A space for manoeuvre -- 4 Styles of farming -- 5 Farm development trajectories and agricultural growth -- 6 Farming, society and capital -- 7 Rural development processes -- 8 Constructing new markets -- 9 Peasant resistances and struggles -- 10 Dealing with socio-material practices -- Index -- Cover Page -- Endorsements Page -- Half-Title Page -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication Page -- Contents -- 1.1 Agriculture as co-production (Toledo, 1990). -- 1.2 Growing heterogeneity in the Dutch dairy sector 1967-1991 (derived from Bruin, 1997). -- 1.3 Care and control expressed in everyday life images (GAW/Hans Dijkstra). -- 1.4 Farming styles and the main modes of ordering underlying them (author's own elaboration). -- 1.5 The domains of farming (author's own elaboration). -- 1.6 The multiplicity of flows and the possibility to reset some balances (HLPE, 2013). -- 1.7 The AKS and the production of myopia (author's own elaboration). -- 2.1 The elements constituting the labour process (author's own elaboration). -- 2.2 The structure and dynamics of the labour process (author's own elaboration). -- 2.3 The beta-gamma translation (author's own elaboration). -- 2.4 The process of externalization (author's own elaboration). -- 2.5 A hidden experiment in a field (author's own elaboration). -- 3.1 Farming and resource flows (author's own elaboration). -- 3.2 Historically guaranteed, relatively autonomous reproduction (author's own elaboration). -- 3.3 Future and market-dependent reproduction (author's own elaboration). -- 3.4 Radu. -- 3.5 The dynamics of peasant-organized potato breeding and selection (Ploeg, 1990). -- 3.6 The structure of scientific plant breeding (Ploeg, 1990).

Questo articolo discute l'agricoltura contadina come la principale istituzione-lavoro in Europa. Si afferma che sia il lavoro sia la terra sono socialmente difniti. Essi sono materialmente costituiti sulla base di tali definizioni e, laddove le definizioni sociali mutano, il significato, l'uso e e la posizione della terra e del lavoro nel processo della produzione agricola vengono ricostituiti. L'articolo utilizza un una periodizzazione che abbraccia un primo periodo (dal 1850 al 1950) in cui l'agricoltura si sviluppa fortemente, sebbene a ritmi ineguali, in molte parti d'Europa. Un secondo periodo (circa tra il 1950 e il 1990) si fonda sulla modernizzazione dell'agricoltura: un tentativo di indurre un nuovo modello di agricoltura imprenditoriale in cui terra e lavoro divengono sempre piů categorie vuote. Nel terzo periodo (dagli anni '90 in poi) si osservano nuovi ed eterogenei processi di ri-contadinizzazione che implicano una "riscoperta" di terra e lavoro come componenti centrali di forme dell'agricoltura capaci di resistere al riordino neoliberale dei mercati dell'agricoltura e del cibo.

- Empire is a new mode of ordering and governance. Food empires are monopolistic networks that control large, and expanding, parts of the production, processing, distribution and consumption of food. But food empires are not necessarily involved in the physical realities associated with these processes. Food empires control the routing and the associated transformation of agricultural and food products. In this respect food empires clearly represent an "invisible hand", a series of combined and repeated interventions into the markets that together represent "extra- economic power". Empires (and food empires particularly) do not only center on control, they simultaneously represent the appropriation and centralization of value. Due to Empire, value has, as it were, become footloose; it is increasingly becoming "a ghost".Key words: empire; imperial networks; food production; world market; global exclusion; theory of value.

Many of the attempts to construct sustainable rural livelihoods involve a shift away from agriculture's traditional 'core' activities by means of a diversification with new on‐farm activities or 'conversion' to quality modes of production. This raises the question of how we should conceptualize the role of those enterprises that fall into the vast category of 'main‐stream' farms within the process of rural development. By discussing the style of 'farming economically' in Friesian dairy farming, this paper argues that rural development should not be seen as a contradiction between conventional and alternative farming systems. Farming economically is considered an integral part of the newly emerging model of rural development, since it entails a particular model for the mobilization, combination and utilization of resources at farm level that contrasts sharply with the modernization paradigm. At the level of the rural region, farming economically allows for higher income and employment levels, factors that are fundamental for a healthy, rural social fabric. The paper concludes that for the rural development potential of farming economically to be developed further,a favourable 'rural district' is needed that strengthens the innovativeness and specific developmental trajectory embedded in the practice.

When first published in 2008, The New Peasantries revolutionized our ways of thinking of what constitutes the peasantry and repeasantization. It showed how a new era of empire and globalization was creating new forms of peasantry. The original book has been used in several international postgraduate courses. The experience and feedback thus obtained has been used to simplify the structure of the book and make it more accessible as a textbook for students.This new edition is thoroughly revised, with a reorganization of chapters and several new chapters added. It includes a new chapter on China, based on the author's extensive fieldwork there, and much more information on Brazil. It integrates and critically reviews the many publications on peasants, peasantries and peasant modes of agricultural production published in recent years. The theoretical discussion is enriched with more attention to the seminal work of Chayanov. Greater attention is also paid to the construction of new markets – a theme that will remain a major issue in the coming decade. It combines and integrates different bodies of literature: the rich traditions of peasant studies, development and rural sociology, neo-institutional economics and debates on empire and globalization.

Rural development practices are found throughout Europe and cover a wide range of different types of activity. At first sight there does not seem to be much similarity between these different practices. This paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of some 30 cases of rural development from the different tracts of European countryside studied in the first phase of the impact research programme. The paper summarizes several of the communalities that were revealed in the analysis and goes on to consider differences that may be relevant to policy, especially in relation to the levels of socio‐economic impact generated by rural development practices in terms of extra income and employment. By means of clustering sets of cases according to regional and farm level impact data, a number of underlying factors in successful rural development and its translation into socio‐economic impacts are identified. Important factors relate the dissemination of activities by integrating new participants and repetition by others, the unleashing of synergy effects within clusters of compatible and mutually reinforcing rural development activities,and the construction of regional 'protected spaces' within the dominant technological regime that favour rural development.

This book focuses on empirical experiences related to market development, and specifically new markets with structurally different characteristics than mainstream markets. Europe, Brazil, China and the rather robust and complex African experiences are covered to provide a rich multidisciplinary and multi-level analysis of the dynamics of newly emerging markets. Rural Development and the Construction of New Markets analyses newly constructed markets as nested markets. Although they are specific market segments that are nested in the wider commodity markets for food, they have a different nature