Suchergebnisse

Background & aims: The integrity of the intestinal barrier in the diseased is key to prevent further complications and disease such as sepsis and death, whereas, the role of food bioactive molecules (i. e. phenolic compounds (PCs) on the intestinal barrier, is still unknown. The current aim was to explore the benefits of the oral PC administration on the intestinal barrier integrity in animals. Methods: The effects of PCs on the intestinal barrier integrity in in vivo animal models of intestinal inflammation were assessed up-to August 2020 from the PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library databases under the PRISMA methodology. The risk of bias was assessed from ARRAY and SCYRCLE tools. Results: From 1241 articles, 14 studies were included. In animals, oral resveratrol (n = 6) improves the intestinal barrier integrity and reduces intestinal damage. Additionally, grape seed extract (n = 2), curcumin (n = 1), genistein (n = 1), chlorogenic acid (n = 1), grape pomace (n = 1), olive leaf (n = 1) or cranberry extract (n = 1) improve the intestinal barrier integrity downregulating various inflammatory molecules (TNF-α, and other interleukins), and increasing the antioxidant enzymes in animals. Furthermore, resveratrol, quercetin, epigallocatechin, and other PCs improve the epithelial barrier integrity and pro-inflammatory molecule expression in the intestinal epithelia. Conclusions: The oral PC administration in animals improves the intestinal barrier integrity and function from three main mechanisms: 1) The reduction of pro-inflammatory molecules, 2) the improvement in tight-junction protein expression, and 3) the improvement of the antioxidant intracellular activity suggesting the potential use of PCs in the management of intestinal injury in humans, particularly for resveratrol, the most studied PC. ; The AppleCOR Project (Subproject AGL2016-76943-C2-2-R and Subproject AGL2016-76943-C2-1-R) has been possible with the support of Ministerio de Economía, Indústria y Competitividad, the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); NFOC-Salut group is a consolidated research group of Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain (2017 SGR 522). S-R. BA. has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 713679. This journal article has been possible with the support of the Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) and the Fundació Catalunya-La Pedrera (FCLP) (Reference number: 2017MFP-COFUND-30). Ú-C has a Pla estratègic de recerca i innovació en salut (PERIS) post-doctoral grant (SLT002/16/00239; Catalunya, Spain) from Generalitat de Catalunya. M.J. Motilva thanks to Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC for partial funding through the "Ayudas incorporación a escalas científicas CSIC, 2018" (Reference 201870I129).

The aim of this study was to investigate comprehensively the metabolic pathways and human bioavailability of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds in apple matrix, and to elucidate potential intake biomarkers. After the acute intake of a red-fleshed apple snack, plasma and urine were collected and analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. A total of 37 phase-II and microbial phenolic metabolites were detected in plasma and urine. Among these, phloretin glucuronide, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside (plasma and urine) and peonidin-3-O galactoside (urine) were the only metabolites detected in all the volunteers and not detected at basal conditions. The maximum urine excretion was detected at 2-4 h, and the main increase in plasma of phloretin glucuronide and cyanidin-3-O-galactoside was observed at 2h post-intake (61.0  6.82 and 10.3  1.50 nM, respectively). These metabolites could be selected as the best intake biomarkers of red-fleshed apple that might be useful in human intervention studies when studying the bioactivity of red-fleshed apple. ; This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Industry, Economy and Competitiveness through the AGL2016-76943-C2-1-R and AGL2016-76943-C2- 2-R projects (co-funded by the European Social Fund, European Union); I.A.L. enjoys a post-doctoral contract (2017PMF-POST2-19) from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement and from the Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV). S.Y. was supported by a grant from the University of Lleida. In addition, the authors are grateful to NUFRI SAT (Mollerussa, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain) for providing the red-fleshed apples. A.P. has Torres Quevedo contract (Subprograma Estatal de Incorporación, Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación). NFOC-Salut group is a consolidated research group of Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain (2017 SGR522).

The present study aimed to investigate the metabolic fate and the cardiometabolic effects of phenolic compounds (PC) provided by a red‐fleshed apple variety biofortified in anthocyanins (ACN). Wistar rats were feed with high‐fat diet (HFD) to induce hypercholesterolemia and supplemented with red‐fleshed apple (HFD+R), white‐fleshed apple (HFD+W) or an ACN‐rich infusion from aronia fruit (HFD+A) providing matched content and profile of ACN. Plasma biochemical parameters, histological analysis and phenol biological metabolites were determined. Plasma, urine and faeces showed a significant increase of ACN metabolites after HFD+R and HFD+A, while flavan‐3‐ols were significantly increased after HFD+W and dihydrochalcones derivatives increased after both apples supplementation. A cardioprotective effect was observed after both apples and aronia infusion supplementation in the reduction of aortic thickness. The kidney function was improved after all supplementations and a decrease in insulin plasma concentration after both apples supplementation (HFD+R and HFD+W) was also observed. Our findings support that ACN without apple matrix can induce cardioprotective effects. ACN or flavan‐3‐ols, together with dihydrochalcones, compose a phenolic phytocomplex in red and white‐fleshed apples, respectively, that could act synergistically in the attenuation of cardiovascular outcomes in hypercholesterolemic rats. ; This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Industry, Economy and Competitiveness through the AGL2016-76943-C2-1-R and AGL2016-76943-C2-2-R projects (co-funded by the European Social Fund, European Union). I.A.L. enjoys a post-doctoral contract (2017PMF-POST2-19) from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement and from the Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV). S.Y. was supported by a grant from the University of Lleida. Ú.C. has a Pla estratègic de recerca i innovació en salut (PERIS) post-doctoral grant (SLT002/16/00239; Catalunya, Spain) from Generalitat de Catalunya. A.P. enjoys a post-doctoral grant (PTQ-15-08068; Spain). In addition, the authors are grateful to NUFRI SAT (Mollerussa, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain) for providing the red-fleshed apples. We are grateful to A. Martínez (Department of Medicine, University of Lleida) for helpful with the histological stains. Finally, we are grateful to SCT-Estabulari of the University of Lleida where the animal experiment was carried out.

Scope:Low paraoxonase (PON)1 activities, and high PON1 and low PON3 protein levels arecharacteristic of cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to assess short- and long-term effects ofvirgin olive oils (VOO), enriched with their own phenolic compounds (PC; FVOO) or with themplus complementary PC from thyme (FVOOT), on PON-related variables and the mechanismsinvolved.Methods and results:Two randomized, controlled, double-blind, and crossover interventionswere conducted. In an acute intake study, participants ingested three FVOOs differing in PCcontent. In a sustained intake study, participants ingested a control VOO and two differentFVOOs with the same PC content but differing in PC source. Acute and sustained intake ofVOO and FVOO decreased PON1 protein and increased PON1-associated specific activities,while FVOOT yielded opposite results. PON3 protein levels increased only after sustainedconsumption of VOO. Mechanistic studies performed in rat livers showed that intake of isolatedPC from VOO and from thyme modulate mitogen-activated protein kinases and peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptors regulating PON synthesis, while a combination of these PCscancels such regulation.Conclusion:This study reveals that the intake of phenol-enriched FVOOs modulates oxidativebalance by modifying PON-related variables according to PC content and source, and thismodulation can be perceived as beneficial. ; This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Econ-omy (MINECO) financing the projects AGL2009-13517-457-C03-01, C03-02 and C03-3, AGL2012-40144-C01-03, C02-03 and C03-03, and the FPI-fellowship (BES-2010-040766), byC©2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheimwww.mnf-journal.com 1600932 (11 of 13)S. Fern ́andez-Castillejo et al.Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 61,10, 2017, 1600932a contract from the Catalan Government, and by grants fromISCIII FEDER (CB06/03/0028), AGAUR(2014SGR240) andAGAUR (2014SGR783). AP is a Torres Quevedo contract (PTQ-15-08068; Subprograma Estatal de Incorporaci ́on, Plan Estatalde Investigaci ́on Cient ́ıfica y T ́ecnica y de Innovaci ́on). UC is aPERIS contract (SLT002/16/00239; Pla estrat`egic de recerca iinnovaci ́o en salut). LR is Sara Borell contract (CD14/00275)co-financed by and IISPV. OC was supported by a research con-tract of Carlos III (SCIII JR14/00008). Thanks to the Universityof Lleida for the M-CLH PhD. grant.