This collection engages with current issues on equal protection in the USA, as seen from the perspectives of leading academics in this area. Contributors with a range of perspectives interrogate the legal, theoretical and factual assumptions which shape case law and consider the extent to which they satisfactorily address contemporary concerns with social hierarchies and norms. Divided into five parts, the study focuses on the connections between equal protection jurisprudence, discrimination in its contemporary manifestations, the implications of identity politics and the moral and political conceptualizations of equality that represent the parameters of debate.
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Latinos and Latinas in Contemporary Politics, Law, and Social Movements (OEPoL) provides a comprehensive source of information on the diverse historical and contemporary experiences of Latinos and Latinas in the United States. Incorporating key material from the acclaimed four-volume Oxford Encyclopedia of Latinos and Latinas in the United States (OUP, 2005), this ground-breaking publication addresses the significant ways in which the Latino and Latina populations have shaped the political, legal, and social institutions of the United States, with new and updated scholarship on political movements and organizations, important legal cases, minority-rights laws, and immigration legislation.
This work provides a comprehensive source of information on the diverse historical and contemporary experiences of Latinos and Latinas in the United States. Incorporating key material from the acclaimed four-volume Oxford Encyclopedia of Latinos and Latinas in the United States (OUP, 2005), this ground-breaking publication addresses the significant ways in which the Latino and Latina populations have shaped the political, legal, and social institutions of the United States, with new and updated scholarship on political movements and organizations, important legal cases, minority-rights laws, and immigration legislation.
Lawrence was decided exactly eighty years after the first liberty-privacy case, and in the midst of a fierce kulturkampf striving to roll back civil rights generally. In this Article, Professor Valdes situates Lawrence in the context formed both by these four score of liberty-privacy jurisprudence that precede it as well as by the politics of backlash that envelop it today. After canvassing the landmark rulings from Meyer in 1923 to Lawrence in 2003, in the process acknowledging both their emancipatory strengths and their traditionalist instrumentalism, Professor Valdes concludes that Lawrence is a long overdue recognition of the prior precedents and their actual outcomes. This belated recognition, entailing a repudiation of Bowers, reflects similar weaknesses and strengths but also effectively sets the stage for a resumption of jurisprudential developments under the Fourteenth Amendment interrupted by that 1986 anomaly. These pending developments, Professor Valdes concludes, logically and substantively point to the formal recognition of the individual right already protected under the eight decades of liberty, privacy and equality law preceding Lawrence. That right, Professor Valdes states, is properly denominated as the right to sexual self-determination, embedded principally in the liberty text of the Due Process Clause and buttressed by other provisions or sources of constitutional law
"This book comprehensively but succinctly tells the story of LatCrit's emergence and sustainable presence as a scholarly and activist community within and beyond the US legal academy, finding its place alongside such other schools of critical legal knowledge as Feminist Legal Theory and Critical Race Theory that aim to combust social and legal transformative change"--
Critical Race Theory's (CRT's) first two decades produced a rich and diverse literature deconstructing law and society using a racial lens. CRT's emergence and rise occurred at a moment in history where the U.S. was still the uncontested unipolar superpower whose privileged elites enjoyed unprecedented prosperity and status. Despite its dominant standing in the world economy and polity, prevailing "social structures of accumulation" within the United States were already in decline. For CRT's next iteration, we argue that a critical race materialist approach is necessary to interpret the history of how economic and social structures of identity are inextricably linked. We believe such a "turn" is necessary due to two relatively new developments taking shape at the sunset of the twentieth and dawn of the twenty-first centuries-the end of the "golden era" reign of the U.S. as the world's hyperpower and the advent of global neoliberalism as the newest social structure of accumulation. We consider the role of critical race materialism in a historical moment of acute, persistent, and even growing, structural and identitarian inequalities operationalized at both the micro and macro levels of society through legal colorblindness, political post-racialism, globalized neoliberalism, and their variegated interactions. This Article offers critical race materialism as an approach to guide the uncompleted project of racial and social justice. By adopting this term, we mean to capture and underscore the dynamic, multifaceted yet tightly collusive relationship between cultural and material exercises of legalized power to govern human lives, fortunes and destinies based on identitarian constructs like race, class, gender, or sexuality.
Its opponents call it part of ""the lunatic fringe,"" a justification for ""black separateness,"" ""the most embarrassing trend in American publishing."" ""It"" is Critical Race Theory.But what is Critical Race Theory? How did it develop? Where does it stand now? Where should it go in the future? In this volume, thirty-one CRT scholars present their views on the ideas and methods of CRT, its role in academia and in the culture at large, and its past, present, and future.Critical race theorists assert that both the procedures and the substance of American law are structured
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Research on the risk of motor vehicle injuries and their relationship with the amount of travel has been only partially analyzed. The few individual exposure assessments are related to very specific subsets of the driving and traveling populations. This study analyzes the relationship between kilometers traveled and hospitalization due to motor vehicle injuries. Twelve thousand three hundred and sixty nine Spanish university graduates from the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra multipurpose cohort study were evaluated. They had not been hospitalized due to motor vehicle injuries at baseline and were followed up to eight years. Biannual questionnaires allowed for self‐reporting of kilometers traveled in motor vehicles, together with incidence of hospitalization. Covariates in the Cox regression models included age and gender and baseline use of safety belt while driving, driving a vehicle with driver‐side airbag, driving a motorcycle, and drinking and driving. There were 49,766 participant‐years with an average yearly travel of 7,828 km per person‐year. Thirty‐six subjects reported a first hospitalization event during this time. The adjusted hazard ratio per additional kilometer traveled was 1.00005 (95% confidence interval 1.000013 to 1.000086). Even the smallest of reductions in the amount of kilometers traveled (from an average of 3,250 km per year to 1,000) has a statistically significant protective effect on the likelihood of sustaining hospitalization due to motor vehicle injury (aHR 0.9, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.98). In light of current policies aimed to reduce motorized traffic due to environmental concerns, it may be appropriate to consider the additional health benefit related to reductions in injuries.
