Suchergebnisse

The application of intellectual property rights to journalism is a subject not much explored by researchers nor widely practiced by journalists. Although the copyright laws contain certain provisions commonly isolated devoted to these aspects, remains the question whether the journalistic works are effectively protected by law. In a changing landscape of journalism toward an increasing use of digital works and a faster information management, the creator journalist appears not to be considered. This paper presents a comparative study of the legal situation of journalistic work in nine Latin American countries: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela. ; La aplicación de los derechos de propiedad intelectual al periodismo es un tema no muy explorado por los investigadores ni muy practicado por los periodistas. Pese a que las leyes de derecho de autor comúnmente dedican ciertas disposiciones aisladas a estos aspectos, queda la duda de en qué medida las obras periodísticas se protegen eficazmente por el derecho. En un escenario cambiante del periodismo hacia una mayor digitalización y un manejo veloz de la información, el periodista creador parece quedar al margen. Este trabajo presenta un estudio comparativo de la situación normativa de las obras periodísticas en nueve países latinoamericanos: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, México, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela.

AbstractNew developments in the critical study of men and masculinity, known as the manhood acts perspective, have focused attention on the ways that males collectively and individually engage in identity work to present themselves as men (Schrock and Schwalbe 2009). This review unpacks two central processes through which males use the body to put on a convincing manhood act. First, I review research on institutions and culture in order to explain how various discourses on male bodies provide resources to signify manhood. Second, I demonstrate how males are socialized to use their bodies to symbolize manhood. Overall, I demonstrate how the manhood acts perspective provides a potentially fruitful theoretical framework for understanding previous research on manhood and the body.

The importance of friendship networks and drug sharing is a well-documented feature of marijuana use. Recent studies show an increased role of acquiring marijuana through friends, especially in settings with rather punitive drug policy. This article aims at gaining insight into the definitions and roles that marijuana users attribute to friendship. Forty-four marijuana users and retailers recruited in North Central Florida were subjected to semistructured interviews, with extensive probes on respondents' "friends." Data were analyzed with the use of inductive analysis, and were framed in identity theory. Respondents' definitions of friendship contained expectations on marijuana sharing and reciprocation, purchases for friends, and introduction to dealers—who were also referred as "friends." The study findings suggest that marijuana users' definitions of friendship include expectations for behavior that sustain the distribution chain. Role-based expectations on "friendly" behavior served as a social control tool that protected marijuana users from illicit market risks.

AbstractCompassion fatigue has been primarily studied at the micro level and framed as a psychological "personal trouble" that results from one's personality traits, demographic characteristics, or life and work stressors. In addition, compassion fatigue is used to predict other psychological outcomes such as burnout, depersonalization, and stress. This literature on compassion fatigue has been reviewed, in order to illustrate areas where sociologists can contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the phenomenon. In this article we conceptualize compassion fatigue as a sociological concept and overview the potential ways that sociological approaches can enhance our understanding. We draw on the literatures of emotion work, social exchange theory, and macrolevel sociological theories to facilitate the use of compassion fatigue from a sociological perspective. For example, we use concepts such as social integration and anomie to stimulate thinking about rates of compassion fatigue.

This article uses unique data to explore individual claims-making on the Terri Schiavo case. We analyze 2,509 e-mails sent to Jeb Bush and 1,182 newspaper stories about the Schiavo case to assess how mass media, claims-makers, and individual experience affect the frames and identities used to support or oppose intervention on Terri's behalf. We find that the frames individuals use vary according to whether they support Bush's involvement in the case. In addition, we find that the frames individuals use in their claims-making do not always mirror those discussed in mass media. Specifically, the frequency with which e-mailers discuss particular ideas varies according to the engagement of claims-makers on the issue as well as the complexity of the frame. Finally, we find that some individuals do deploy identities strategically in their e-mails. Opponents of intervention, for instance, use their political identities as Republicans to urge Bush to stay out of the case. Not all identity deployment, however, corresponds with support or opposition to Bush's involvement on the Schiavo case. Individuals use their familial and religious identities to both support and oppose intervention. We conclude with a discussion of the relevance of these findings for understanding claims-making in the twenty-first century.

Based on a yearlong observational study of participants in a "Live Action Role Playing" group called "Dagorhir," using the manhood acts perspective, we focus on how masculinity is constructed among low-status, subordinate men who self-define as "nerds." We demonstrate that through fantasy role-playing, men are given opportunities to increase their group status, while women are typically relegated to subordinate positions. Increasing status in Dagorhir involved a type of self-enhancement strategy that we termed "epic glory," which positioned men as social dominants. Epic glory was earned through training activities, at Dagorhir events, and through simulating dramatic death scenes. Such actions served as a performance of masculinity that was not possible for these men outside the role-playing experience. Importantly, women were excluded from many of the opportunities to enact epic glory, which helped reproduce inequalities both among males and between males and females participating in the events.