Suchergebnisse

Preface -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1: Mutual Insurance -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Questions -- 3 Structure -- 2: The Era of the Guilds: Mutual Insurance 1550-1800 -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Corporatist World -- 3 Micro-insurance at the Time of the Dissolution of the Guilds -- 4 Scope of Coverage -- 5 Benefit Levels and Conditions -- 6 Guilds as Micro-insurers -- 7 Governance and Sociability -- 8 Formalization into Mutual Insurance -- 9 Guilds in the Mixed Economy of Welfare -- 10 Conclusion

Cover -- Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- List of Plates -- List of Maps -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 A Simple Model of Poor Relief in Preindustrial Europe -- 1.1 Simple questions and general principles -- 1.2 The elites and poor relief -- 1.3 The poor and poor relief -- 1.4 Interdependence -- 1.5 The effects of poor relief -- 1.6 Procedure -- 1.7 Summary -- 2 Poverty and Riches -- 2.1 General outline -- 2.2 Income structure -- 2.3 Social segregation -- 2.4 The organization of poor relief -- 2.5 Summary -- 3 Poor Relief as a Control Strategy -- 3.1 Charity administrators -- 3.2 Relief policies -- 3.3 Collective interests -- 3.4 Individual interests -- 3.5 Who paid the bill? -- 3.6 Summary -- 4 Poor Relief as a Survival Strategy -- 4.1 Registration -- 4.2 Recipients of benefits -- 4.3 Type and extent of relief -- 4.4 Fraud and its prevention -- 4.5 Summary -- 5 The Role of Poor Relief in Society -- 5.1 Alternative control strategies -- 5.2 Alternative survival strategies -- 5.3 Interdependence -- 5.4 Summary -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- 6.1 Which groups provided poor relief and why? -- 6.2 Which groups received poor relief and why? -- 6.3 What were the effects of poor relief on society? -- 6.4 How useful was the simple model of poor relief in preindustrial Europe? -- Appendix A: The Anatomy of Charitable Power -- Appendix B: A Short Survey of European Charity: Recipients and the Value of their Relief -- Notes -- Archives Consulted -- References -- Index.

ABSTRACTPhilanthropy was enduring in early modern Europe. For centuries local charities gave small sums that helped many people to survive. Such charity can be studied from below, from the persepective of survival strategies, and from above, from the perspective of social control, but it can also be studied as scholars of philanthropic studies do for contemporary societies. This article does the latter. It pays attention to benefactors and benefactions; how many people gave and who were they?; when, where and what did benefactors give, and what were their motives? The article places an in-depth study of Amsterdam from the late sixteenth to the end of the eighteenth century in the context of the literature on early modern European philanthropy.

Guilds provided for masters' and journeymen's burial, sickness, old age, and widowhood. Guild welfare was of importance to artisans, to the functioning of guilds, to the myriad of urban social relations, and to the political economy. However, it is an understated and neglected aspect of guild activities. This article looks at welfare provision by guilds, with the aim of addressing four questions. Firstly, for which risks did guild welfare arrangements exist in the Netherlands between 1550 and 1800, and what were the coverage, contributions, benefit levels, and conditions? Secondly, can guild welfare arrangements be regarded as insurance? Thirdly, to what extent and how did guilds overcome classic insurance problems such as adverse selection, moral hazards, and correlated risks? Finally, what was the position of guild provision in the Dutch political economy and vis‐à‐vis poor relief?

International audience ; The Union of International Associations' documentation on international non- governmental organizations (INGOs) is a treasure trove for historians and social scientists alike. INGOs are part and parcel of the modern world. They both reflect and influence social, political, cultural and economic conditions around the globe. They occupy a space of human activity in between, but connected to, the market and the state, and this space seems to be growing. The present chapter seeks to show how a historical investigation into this space might benefit from the use of UIA data.As other contributions to this volume have noted, the UIA aims to register the key activities of all INGOs that exist or have ever existed. As anyone familiar with historical databases would immediately admit, a database with such a large geographical (the globe) and temporal span (in principle that of human history, though in practice mostly the past two centuries) cannot, and never will be, complete in its coverage. This is also acknowledged by the UIA and is partly caused by the fact that most of the data is provided by the organizations themselves. For the present purpose – namely the visualization of various long-term developments – we will, however, assume that it can nonetheless offer a representative picture. For practical reasons, we focus on the period between 1800 and 1970, concentrating on two UIA datasets: the annual congress calendar and the Yearbook series, featuring all organizations that meet the UIA's definition of an INGO.