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This research has been conducted in the city of Pekanbaru , on Juni until Juli 2012. Thepurpose of this study was to determine the condition of the air quality in the city ofPekanbaru and the relationship between the number of motor vehicles with airconcentrations of Co2 emissions in the city of Pekanbaru. This research is expected toprovide an overview of air quality in the city of Pekanbaru, for consideration and input forPekanbaru City Government in managing the flow of traffic on the crowded streets of thevehicle This research is expected to provide an overview of air quality in the city ofPekanbaru, for consideration and input for Pekanbaru City Government in managing theflow of traffic on the crowded streets of the vehicle and the results of this study are expectedin an effort to improve the quality of air quality, especially for reducing pollution air oncertain streets in the city of Pekanbaru.Keyword : Co2 emissions, air quality, motor vehicles

Decentralizing health services, including those for HIV prevention and treatment, is one strategy for maximizing the use of limited resources and expanding treatment options; yet few methods exist for systematically identifying where investments for service expansion might be most effective, in terms of meeting needs and rapid availability of improved services. The Nigerian Government, the United States Government under the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) program and other donors are expanding services for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV to primary health care facilities in Nigeria. Nigerian primary care facilities vary greatly in their readiness to deliver HIV/AIDS services. In 2012, MEASURE Evaluation assessed 268 PEPFAR-supported primary health care facilities in Nigeria and developed a systematic method for prioritizing these facilities for expansion of PMTCT services. Each assessed facility was scored based on two indices with multiple, weighted variables: one measured facility readiness to provide PMTCT services, the other measured local need for the services and feasibility of expansion. These two scores were compiled and the summary score used as the basis for prioritizing facilities for PMTCT service expansion. The rationale was that using need and readiness to identify where to expand PMTCT services would result in more efficient allocation of resources. A review of the results showed that the indices achieved the desired effect—that is prioritizing facilities with high need even when readiness was problematic and also prioritizing facilities where rapid scale-up was feasible. This article describes the development of the two-part index and discusses advantages of using this approach when planning service expansion. The authors' objective is to contribute to development of methodologies for prioritizing investments in HIV, as well as other public health arenas, that should improve cost-effectiveness and strengthen services and systems in resource-limited ...

Abstract: Financial inclusion is an effort to eliminate all forms of constraints with price and non-price characteristics on public access to use financial services. Financial inclusion is a national strategy to boost economic growth through equal income distribution, poverty reduction, and financial system stability. Financial inclusion is defined as the availability and equality of opportunities to access financial services. The elements of financial inclusions are financial literacy, access to financial services, saving habits, education, and government policy. Financial inclusion can also be defined as the use of formal accounts can bring many benefits to individuals. This paper explores the most dominant factor of financial inclusion that generates significant value for competitiveness improvement of Small Medium Enterprises (SME's), especially in East Java Province. Based on the data 2017, total SME's in East Java is 12.1 million units, but only 1.3 million readies for the competition and ready for collaboration in the digital era (Kompas, 19 October 2018). The method that used is multiple regression analysis using SPSS 24 statistics tools. The total respondent is 205 SME's owners that spreading all over East Java. Based on the validity and reliability test, all variables are valid and reliable(see table 7 and table 8). Based on multiple regression analysis – under stepwise method, we found that bank access has the most significant effect that other variables. The second step of the significant variable is education background and the third step is government regulation (see table 10). That means bank access, education and government regulation have a significant effect on competitiveness improvement of SME's in East Java Province. The recommendation from the researcher can be stated as follows: to the SME's owners, they must improve the knowledge through improving educational background to increase their competitiveness. To the banking institution, they shall improve their policy and regulation for giving ...

Many sub-Saharan African cities, such as Khartoum - the capital of Sudan, suffer from frequent power outage due to insufficient power capacity. However, the electricity demand in that city is expected to increase by more than 30% from 2020 to 2030. This paper investigates the potential for widescale grid connected residential rooftop solar PV to meet electricity demand increase in Khartoum by 2030. Three different rooftop solar PV sizes were investigated, to represent low, medium, and high energy consumption households. These were 2kW, 4kW and 9kW. The energy software HOMER was used to find the annual energy generation from each system and the Cost Of Electricity (COE). With a 4kW rooftop PV system it was estimated that 420,500 houses would be needed to meet the full electricity demand increase by 2030. If using the 9kW system, then only 187,00 homes would be needed. However, if using a 2kW system then over 841,000 homes would be required. This is a significant challenge for the city. Therefore, to complement rooftop solar PV and to ease the burden on households unable to afford it, the government is recommended to install utility scale solar PV. The government is also recommended to incentivise households to install rooftop solar PV through energy policies such as feed-in tariff or net metering. The financial analysis shows the 4 kW PV system has the lowest COE value of $0.048 per kWh. The COE values were higher than the subsidized grid electricity tariff but lower than the unsubsidized tariff.

A recently identified challenge farmers are faced with is insecurity in the form of kidnapping and banditry, and therefore, access to farm land for cultivation due to fear of either being kidnapped or threat to life is a misfortune to national food supply. It is against this background that the present study was conducted by identifying 15 abandoned poultry farms (capacity of 5000 - 20000 bird) along Kaduna-Abuja Express way and 15 abandoned crop farms (size ranging between 5 ha – 10 ha) along Birnin Gwari Road. Structured questionnaires were administered to farmers through purposive sampling techniques, and descriptive statistic and charts were used to present the results of the data obtained. Results showed a loss in capacity of poultry farms of between 37% to 100% and capacity reduced to (1000 – 5000 birds) along Kaduna-Abuja Express way. The average loss in poultry production capacity was 85% and the capacity under production is 15%. It was also found out that the loss in crop farm size was between (2ha – 7ha). The average loss in farm size i.e. crop farming area was 64% and the farm size used for crop farming is 36% for the past two years for fear of being kidnapped or killed by armed bandits. It is therefore recommended that the government should pursue this issue of insecurity bedeviling the nation with utmost sincerity to bring it to an end, in order to preserve a consistent and non-disruptive national food supply chain.

This paper investigates the modal analysis of vibration of Euler-Bernoulli beam subjected to concentrated load. The governing partial differential equation was analysed to determine the behaviour of the system under consideration. The series solution and numerical methods were used to solve the governing partial differential equation. The results revealed that the amplitude increases as the length of the beam increases. It was also found that the response amplitude increases as the foundation increases at fixed length of the beam.

Poverty is a problem faced by the Indonesian people and is the responsibility of the Indonesian government. The approach used in this study is the theological, penomenological, and juridical approaches. The source of this research data is sourced from primary and secondary legal materials. This research includes qualitative using data in the form of direct interviews and questions and answersordialogues and documents. The data obtained are then collected both primary and secondary. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews and documentation studies in order to obtain clear and representative data, while data processing and analysis techniques are carried out through data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the optimization of the management of professional zakat funds at Ministry of Religion Office,Parepare City is less than optimal. However, in terms of collection has fulfilled the principles of sharia, trustworthiness, transparency, professionalism, accountability, participation and efficiency. Its distribution is still traditional and productive productive creative and not in accordance with the principles of justice.

Agricultural extension is the main driving force in technology transfer from researcher to the end users. But it is facing tremendous challenges due to lack of government interest and financial resources. The prominent issue of agricultural extension is to cover huge number of small farmers in scattered form. Information and Communication Technologies can play a vital role to resolve this issue. The present study was conducted in Tehsil Khanewal to evaluate the type of ICTs used by farmers and their contribution for the development of agricultural extension in future. Data were collected with the help of well-structured interview schedule from 234 farmers and collected data were statistically analyzed with the help of computer software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Higher variation was recorded which was ranging from (2.9%) to (66.6%) in case of ICTs as a source of agricultural information. The most prominent ICTs device used as a source of agricultural information was TV with exactly two third (66.6%) of the total respondents followed by mobile phone with slightly less than TV (63.6%). Use of Agri. websites and mobile Apps for agriculture consultancy were below bottom line with 4.7% and 2.9%, respectively. Mobile phone was on top ranking with weighted score=959 and mean value=4.12, as an effective tool for getting agricultural information in future. Agri. helpline was on the second number with weighted score=875 and mean value=3.74. It was suggested from our study that there is a need to create awareness among the farmers about the use of ICTs. Farmers must be educated by the extension staff about the use of internet and agriculture mobile apps for fetching the information and finding the solution of the problems which they face in fields.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of service quality on satisfaction and effect of e- Government as moderating. The results show Moderating Structural Equation Modeling (MSEM) approach that structural models involving E-Government as moderation is a model fit. Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy, and Tangibility has significant effect on community satisfaction with the public service in Surabaya City. E-Government has significant effect in moderating reliability and strengthening characteristic to community satisfaction with the public services in Surabaya City. Easy of service procedures, regardless who is served, clarity/ certainty personnel and officer mastering to his job, to make people satisfied. The number instructions of service location and complaint, the officer's ability to provide service, speed of service and easily contact /communication, inseparable from information technology utilization such as Internet, mobile phones and the like, which is part of the e-Gov.

Poverty is one of the greatest challenges facing the world today. This is because it is a major cause of ill-health byforcing people to live in dirty environments and a barrier to accessing health care, especially in the developing world.As a result of these, it was predicted that the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic will pose a devastating impact onhouseholds living beneath the economic, social, health and educational services thresholds. This impact will stemfrom the direct and indirect effects of the illness and the transmission control policies of governments. Consequently,this study assessed the COVID-19 preventive strategies adopted as well as the statistical relationship between thepre and post-lockdown household income poverty in Minna, Nigeria. The study similarly developed a predictivemodel for the nexus between poverty headcount ratio and the incidence of COVID-19 in Nigeria. Both the primary andsecondary sources of data were employed for this study and the data were analysed using descriptive and inferentialstatistics (t-Test and regression techniques). The outcome showed that there exists a statistically significant differencebetween the pre-lockdown poverty rate and the post-lockdown poverty rate in Minna. The study also revealed thatfor each unit increase in poverty headcount ratio, the incidences of COVID-19 cases and its fatalities decreases by-42.5625 and -0.56077 units respectively. The study, therefore, recommended the domestication of the existing socialintervention programmes of the Federal Government, by States Governments in order to enhance the standardof living of more households. It was also recommended that all stakeholders most partake in enlightenment andsensitization programmes on the need to adopt preventive measures to guard against the transmission of the virus.

Vegetables have important role in daily food which have essential nutritionals because they have a significant source of vitamins, sugar and dietary fibre as well as antioxidants. The study was conducted in district Faisalabad. Tehsil Sammundri and Jaranwala were selected purposively, because there are maximum vegetables growers. The population of Jaranwala and Sammundri were 178 and 241 vegetable growers respectively making a total population of 419 according to the list of agricultural extension department. Sample size was 202 by using online software (survey system.com) keeping confidence interval 5% and confidence level 95%. Proportionate sampling was used to select the respondents in these two tehsils. By using proportionate sampling respondents of tehsils named Jaranwala and Sammundri were 86 and 116 respectively. Results show that majority of respondents were falling between 41-60 years age interval, cultivating the vegetables. About one third 31.7% of the respondents were matriculation those farmers having knowledge about education importance and values. Manual washing is method of washing the vegetables by using of clean water this method was ranked 4th, it secured mean value of 3.82. In studied areas mostly farmers were using simple packing including polythene, plastic bags it ranked 6th. About vast majority of 90.1% respondents have been used the simple packing for vegetables it secured mean value of 3.26. In transportation process of vegetables over whelming majority 99% of respondents were using less expensive and easily approach able vehicle that was loader Rikshaw, which ranked 1st as compared to other vehicle which secured a mean value of 4.25. About vast majority 84.2% respondents were facing the problem of middle man involvement in markets. Middle man has most important role between customer and farmers that was observed, it ranked 17th and it secure mean value of 3.25. There was maximum issue of technology was noticed that they had no awareness regarding the machinery. They had faced the issue of markets and middle man commission. Government should pay attention toward infrastructure, markets governance and reduce the commission of middle man by involving the responsible authorities. Government institutes should deliver the proper guideline related to vegetables post-harvest problems to improve the quality and quantity of products.