Suchergebnisse

La Antropología Social es una disciplina que se ha debatido históricamente entre quienes han utilizado las comparaciones en la búsqueda de las leyes generales de la cultura y de la historia y quienes han negado la existencia de leyes universales en este campo y han rechazado la comparación. En este artículo se mostrará que también en esta disciplina es posible y útil el empleo del método comparado, generalmente utilizado en politología y otras ciencias sociales, sirviéndonos para ello de un supuesto de antropología de la vejez. ; Social Anthropology has historically been debated between those who have used comparisons in the search for the general laws of culture and history and who have denied the existence of universal laws in this field and have rejected it. This article will show that in this discipline is possible and useful to use the comparative method, generally used in political and other social sciences, using a case of anthropology of old age.

The evolution of FOI law in Spain over the last 30 years is analysed. The process starts with the Constitution of 1978 and goes on with a series of FOI related laws on the management of public administration services, the automatic processing of personal data, the access to environment information, as well as other technological legislation. This legislative package in some ways has contributed to foster and improve freedom of information in the Spanish public and private context. It is concluded that the right to general access of public information in Spain is totally guaranteed but it should be properly recognized with a specific law. Nevertheless, at present Spain lacks a real "Freedom of Information Act".

The evolution of FOI law in Spain over the last 30 years is analysed. The process starts with the Constitution of 1978 and goes on with a series of FOI related laws on the management of public administration services, the automatic processing of personal data, the access to environment information, as well as other technological legislation. This legislative package in some ways has contributed to foster and improve freedom of information in the Spanish public and private context. It is concluded that the right to general access of public information in Spain is totally guaranteed but it should be properly recognized with a specific law. Nevertheless, at present Spain lacks a real "Freedom of Information Act".

The usage of standardised metadata in governmental web resources serves to facilitate data interoperability and data integration as well as to enhance information retrieval. The Dublin Core metadata model and the methods for metadata interchange (such as html, rdf and web content management systems) are analysed. A methodology to generate standardised metadata in e-government services is presented. Finally, the main initiatives for metadata application in e-government services are described, in particular GILS, MIReG and e-GMS. ; Se expone la necesidad de incorporación de metadatos en la información web de la Administración Pública como método para facilitar la compatibilidad de los datos y la integración de datos heterogéneos, así como mejorar la recuperación de la información pública. Se destaca el modelo de metadatos Dublin Core y se especifican los métodos para registrar y transferir metadatos: html, xml, rdf, y ciertos repositorios como bases de datos y los sistemas de gestión de contenidos web. Se presenta una metodología para la aplicación de metadatos normalizados en los servicios de administración electrónica. Finalmente, se analizan las principales iniciativas y experiencias relacionadas con la aplicación de metadatos normalizados en los servicios de administración electrónica, tales como GILS, MIReG y e-GMS.

The evolution of FOI law in Spain over the last 30 years is analysed. The process starts with the Constitution of 1978 and goes on with a series of FOI related laws on the management of public administration services, the automatic processing of personal data, the access to environment information, as well as other technological legislation. This legislative package in some ways has contributed to foster and improve freedom of information in the Spanish public and private context. It is concluded that the right to general access of public information in Spain is totally guaranteed but it should be properly recognized with a specific law. Nevertheless, at present Spain lacks a real "Freedom of Information Act".

The evolution of FOI law in Spain over the last 30 years is analysed. The process starts with the Constitution of 1978 and goes on with a series of FOI related laws on the management of public administration services, the automatic processing of personal data, the access to environment information, as well as other technological legislation. This legislative package in some ways has contributed to foster and improve freedom of information in the Spanish public and private context. It is concluded that the right to general access of public information in Spain is totally guaranteed but it should be properly recognized with a specific law. Nevertheless, at present Spain lacks a real "Freedom of Information Act".

PurposeThe formalization of a company is a process that requires compliance with standards established by government institutions. In developing countries, many businesses start this process, but do not finish it, with different levels of formality. The objective of this research is to analyze how the perception of entrepreneurs about bureaucratic procedures and the sector determine the level of formality regarding an established company that has taken the first step to formality.Design/methodology/approachThe National Survey of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) is used with a sample of 4,619 Peruvian MSEs with more than three years of operation within the manufacturing and services sector. The data are analyzed with the ordered logistic regression technique.FindingsThe results show that the more favorable the perception of entrepreneurs about the ease of bureaucratic procedures, the higher the level of business formality; and companies in the manufacturing sector are less formal than those in the services sector. In addition, the perceptions of entrepreneurs positively moderate the level of formality in the case of companies in the manufacturing sector.Originality/valueLevels of formality in established companies are analyzed, defined by the compliance degree with the requirements to be a formal company. The literature on business informality in emerging countries is expanded, particularly in Latin America, incorporating the analysis of the formalization process.

Se establece una demarcación del concepto de administración electrónica y su evolución, se mencionan las diferentes perspectivas y aplicaciones de la administración electrónica. Se identifican los pilares básicos para su desarrollo en el ámbito europeo: desarrollo tecnológico, legislativo y metodológico. Se exponen ciertos aspectos relacionados con la metodología para el desarrollo de sitios web públicos, ofreciendo una serie de directrices y buenas prácticas.

Se presenta un estudio sobre la importancia de la difusión y recuperación de la información pública, su influencia en el desarrollo de servicios orientados al usuario y la necesidad de interconexión e intercambio de información. Se analiza la función de los portales como solución para la explotación de la información de carácter público y se presenta una clasificación de los mismos. Se estudian algunas técnicas par mejorar la interoperabilidad y la recuperación de información en el ámbito de los servicios públicos. En primer lugar, se describen las iniciativas de metadatos aplicadas a la administración electrónica (Dublin Core Government Application Profile, Resource Description Framework y Government Information Locator Service) y su importancia para la representación del conocimiento web y la creación de una web semántica. En segundo lugar, se describen los lenguajes de marcado como medio para estructurar la información pública y favorecer la interoperabilidad (XML y GovML). Se concluye con la existencia actual de una conciencia generalizada sobre la adopción de estándares para la gestión de información web y el desarrollo de servicios característicos de la administración electrónica.