Suchergebnisse

The goal of this book is to examine the ethnic experience of the Mexican American community in the United States, from colonialism to twenty-first century globalization. The authors unearth evidence that reveals how historically white ideology, combined with science, law, and the American imagination, has been strategically used as a mechanism to intimidate, manipulate, oppress, control, dominate, and silence Mexican Americans, ethnic racial minorities, and poor whites. A theoretical and philosophical overview is presented, focusing on the repressive practice against Mexicans that resulted in

Intro -- DEDICATION -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- LIST OF TABLES -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Introduction -- Theories of Race and Ethnic Differences in Punishment and Sentencing -- Death Sentencing and Death Sentence Outcomes: Review of Prior Empirical Studies -- History of U.S. Race and Ethnic Relations -- The Present Study -- Latinos Executed in the United States Between 1975 and 1995 -- Findings -- CONCLUSION -- Appendix -- Endnotes -- References -- Index.

Focuses on the three death penalty states of California, Florida, and Texas which have high concentrations of Latinos. The current study is unique since it disaggregates the Latino category, discusses Latinos executed during the time under study, and provides a sound framework that accounts for the differential treatment of the various racial and ethnic groups who were executed after being denied a commutation. The focus furthers knowledge of race and ethnic differences in the death sentence dispositions of African Americans, Caucasians, and the Latino population. By concentrating on the ultimate sanction, critical questions may be raised in the capital punishment debate. These have important social, economic and political implications in the twenty-first century, in which Latinos outnumber African Americans for the first time in U.S. history. (Original abstract - amended)

Within a historical & theoretical framework that accounts for the differential execution rates of various US racial & ethnic groups, the characteristics of Latinos executed 1975-1995 are analyzed, drawing on published & unpublished information from multiple sources. Of the 313 executions carried out during this period, 17 (+2 of uncertain origin) were of Latinos, & all but 1 of these was of Mexican heritage. All of the executions were in TX. Like their African American & white counterparts, all came from the lowest socioeconomic classes & lacked adequate legal representation; most had lengthy criminal histories, low intelligence, &, often, drug abuse problems. The crimes for which these men were convicted, their length of stay on death row, & their claims of innocence are discussed, along with the unsuccessful attempts on the part of the Mexican government to intervene in their sentences. 1 Table, 148 References. K. Hyatt Stewart

This updated and expanded new edition resumes the theme of the first edition, and the findings reveal that race, ethnicity, gender, class, and several other variables continue to play a significant and consequential role in the legal decision-making process. Section One explores the historical dynamics and influence of ethnicity in law enforcement, and focuses on how ethnicity impacts policing field practices, such as traffic stops, use of force, and the subsequent actions that police departments have employed to alleviate these problems. The history of immigration laws as it pertains to Mexicans and Latinos explains how Mexicans have been excluded from the United States through anti-immigrant legislation. Section Two focuses on the repressive practices against Mexicans that resulted in executions, vigilantism, and mass expulsions. The topic of Latinos and the Fourth Amendment reveals that the constitutional right of people to be protected against unreasonable searches and seizures has been eviscerated for Latinos, and particularly for Mexicans. Section Three studies the issue of Hispanics and the penal system. The ethnic realities of life behind bars, probation and parole, the legacy of capital punishment, and life after prison are discussed. Section Four addresses the globalization of Latinos, social control, and the future of Latinos in the U.S. Criminal justice system. Lastly, the race and ethnic experience through the lens of science, law, and the American imagination, are explored, concluding with policy recommendations for social and criminal justice reform, and ultimately humanizing differences. Written for professionals and students of law enforcement, this book will promote the understanding of the historical legacy of brutality, manipulation, oppression, marginalization, prejudice, discrimination, power and control, and white America's

Considering the long-lasting and complicated history of U.S. race and ethnic relations, the multiple array of issues currently confronting both ethnic and racial communities, and the shifting trends in the ethnic/racial landscape, this book seeks to provide a comprehensive account of the simultaneous interaction of pressing historical and contemporary forces shaping the Latino experience as well as police-minority relations to better understand the current state of policing and gain further insight into the future role of Latino police in American law enforcement across the country. Delineatin

AbstractAs no other time in U.S. history, policing involves a wide variety of local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies, with a unified mission of patrolling the 2,000‐mile U.S.‐Mexico border in the name of national security. As a culturally and socially diverse geographic setting, the U.S.‐Mexico border has intertwined notions of ethnicity, race, and skin color with citizenship, community safety, and national security. Invariably, this geographic, economic, political, and social boundary has the power to shape the experience of not only law enforcement officers, but also border communities. The multiple issues that exist along the U.S.‐Mexico border provide a more nuanced view of the challenges involved in patrolling the border and policing communities, while seeking to respect privacy and honor international treaties and human rights. Subsequently, with pressing shifts in demographics, police tactics, border security, and social control profitability, in the midst of globalization, the central objective of this article is to further delineate, through analysis of existing data, the dynamics of border policing in the twenty‐first century.