Suchergebnisse

Real Estate Online Platforms (REOPs) are responsible for providing property-related information to their users. However, most of these users are not satisfied with the information provided to them. This thesis highlights the REOP users' needs and regrets and the pertinent disruptive digital technologies (DDTs) to address these needs. Two models are developed for assessing the REOPs users' perception and the two-way relationship between them. Also, the barriers to adoption of the DDTs from a managerial perspective are examined.For assessing the users' perception, Smart Real Estate Technology Adoption Model (SRETAM) is developed, whereas Risk, Service, Information, System TAM (RSISTAM) is developed to assess the two-way relationship between the perceptions. Concepts of KANO and SISQual are used to assess the perceptions, whereas Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) is used for assessing the potential two-way relationships. The barriers to adoption of the DDTs are analysed through Fault Tree Analysis. These models, coupled with the users' needs and DDT adoption barriers, constitute the novel framework adopted in this study.Eight key regrets of the users are identified from the published literature and meta-analyses: complicated buy-sell process, lack of information, housing costs, house size, mortgage, agents, inspections and emotional decision-making. Nine key technologies can help address the REOP users' needs and regrets. In terms of REOP users' perception, 31 key factors have been identified, among which 19 are very important based on responses from 407 respondents. Graphical statistics, attractive design, immersive and novel content attract REOPs users, whereas tracing user location, learning tutorials and hyperlinks discourage them. Among possible relations between RSISTAM constructs, nine are categorised as two-way. There are 21 key barriers to adopting DDTs in the Australian real estate sector identified through a survey of 102 real estate managers. High costs, high complexity of systems and lack of government support, regulations and standards are the top reasons for non-adoption. This thesis addresses the users' regrets and needs related to REOPs-based information through DDTs adoption and provides a novel framework for facilitating such adoption. The users' perceptions, needs and regrets addressed through DDTs and the elimination of associated barriers can transform Australian real estate into the smart real estate sector.

The current research examined the effects of teachers and classrooms environment on girls' learning skills in girls' high schools. The main objective of the study was to analyze the classroom as a key academic and learning site in which the nature of interaction between teachers and students and among peers have a strong impact on students' learning skills. The study covers 271 girl students from four high schools (two government and two private schools) from district Gujrat, Pakistan. A proportionate random sampling technique was employed to draw a sample from the population. A quantitative cross-sectional survey method was conducted. The measurement tool consisted of eight different measurements of teacher, classroom, and learning skills respectively. The study findings reveal that the classroom environment has been positively associated with the learning skills of the girl students. We experiment with different formulations of the dependent and independent variables, taking full advantage of our data and additional analyses using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), allowed us to better ascertain and quantify the causal pathways in the relationship between classroom and girls' learning skills in high schools.

The caucus will allow artists to express their full potentials in the supportive and creative environment space. Arts have been a prevalent component of queer activism, politics, and identity formation. Queer artists face additional barriers like lack funding, commercialization, censorship, commodification, and oversight within their field and in relationship to others. Creating a meeting space for queer artists will allow for us to develop our own language and further develop our professional relationships and practices; it will further nurture and inspire the study of queer history, theory, criticism, and studio practices. Topics for discussion include history, resource sharing, advocacy, compensation, queer artistic languages, and other topics that are relevant to the group.

Purpose of the study: The key purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of Internal and External Monitoring systems regarding students' attendance at primary school level Bannu. Methodology: Descriptive survey design was used for this study. The data was taken from head Teachers through a self-developed questionnaire of the 6-Likert scale. According to John Curry (1984) Sample size rule of Thumb, out of N= 650, n= 65 respondents was taken from district Bannu. A simple random technique was used, and also validity and reliability of the instrument were making sure in this study. Data were analyzed through SPSS by using Mean, Std. Deviation and t-test. Main Findings: The main findings of the existing study shown that the officials of external monitoring are better in monitor the students' attendance, improving students' attendance during routine monitoring, priority-based check-up of primary school students attendance during official visits, and pointing out of students absentees while the internal monitoring officials perform better only regarding "encouraging school staff to motivate the regular students with the proper award". Applications of this study: The existing study greatly significant for Educational administrators and monitoring departments, policymakers, Head Teachers, and the government which can find the real fact and issues about student attendance. Novelty/Originality of this study: The current study is fairly new and unique in the field of education department of the monitoring system. The current study is the original research work of a researcher in the field of the education monitoring system of IMS and EMS/IMU.

The recent advancement in the field of high quality computer graphics and the capability of inexpensive computers to render realistic 3D scenes have made it possible to develop virtual environments where two or more users can co-exist and work collaboratively to achieve a common goal. Such environments are called Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVEs). The potential application domains of CVEs are many, such as military, medical, assembling, computer aided designing, teleoperation, education, games and social networks etc. One of the problems related to CVEs is the user's low level of awareness about the status, actions and intentions of his/her collaborator, which not only reduces users' performance but also leads to non satisfactory results. In addition, collaborative tasks without using any proper computer generated assistance are very dicult to perform and are more prone to errors. The basic theme of this thesis is to provide assistance in collaborative 3D interaction in CVEs. In this context, we study and develop the concept of multimodal (audio, visual and haptic) assistance of a user or group of users. Our study focuses on how we can assist users to collaboratively interact with the entities of CVEs. We propose here to study and analyze the contribution of multimodal assistance in collaborative (synchronous and asynchronous) interaction with objects in the virtual environment. Indeed, we propose and implement various multimodal virtual guides. These guides are evaluated through a series of experiments where selection/manipulation task is carried out by users both in synchronous and asynchronous mode. The experiments were carried out in LISA (Laboratoire d'Ingénierie et Systèmes Automatisés) lab at University of Angers and IBISC (Informatique, Biologie Integrative et Systemes Complexes) lab at University of Evry. In these experiments users were asked to perform a task under various conditions ( with and without guides). Analysis was done on the basis of task completion time, errors and users' learning. For subjective evaluations questionnaires were used. The ndings of this research work can contribute to the development of collaborative systems for teleoperation, assembly tasks, e-learning, rehabilitation, computer aided design and entertainment. ; Les progrès récents dans le domaine de l'infographie et la capacité des ordinateurs personnels de rendre les scènes 3D réalistes ont permis de développer des environnements virtuels dans lesquels plusieurs utilisateurs peuvent co-exister et travailler ensemble pour atteindre un objectif commun. Ces environnements sont appelés Environnements Virtuels Collaboratifs (EVCs). Les applications potentielles des EVCs sont dans les domaines militaire, medical, l'assemblage, la conception assistee par ordinateur, la teleoperation, l'éducation, les jeux et les réseaux sociaux. Un des problemes liés aux EVCs est la faible connaissance des utilisateurs concernant l'état, les actions et les intentions de leur(s) collaborateur(s). Ceci reduit non seulement la performance collective, mais conduit également à des résultats non satisfaisants. En outre, les tâches collaboratives ou coopératives réalisées sans aide ou assistance, sont plus difficiles et plus sujettes aux erreurs. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous étudions l'influence de guides multi-modaux sur la performance des utilisateurs lors de tâches collaboratives en environnement virtuel (EV). Nous proposons un certain nombre de guides basés sur les modalites visuelle, auditive et haptique. Dans ce contexte, nous étudions leur qualité de guidage et examinons leur influence sur l'awareness, la co-presence et la coordination des utilisateurs pendant la réalisation des tâches. A cette effet, nous avons développé une architecture logicielle qui permet la collaboration de deux (peut être étendue à plusieurs utiliateurs) utilisateurs (distribués ou co-localisés). En utilisant cette architecture, nous avons développé des applications qui non seulement permettent un travail collaboratif, mais fournissent aussi des assistances multi-modales aux utilisateurs. Le travail de collaboration soutenu par ces applications comprend des tâches de type "Peg-in-hole", de télé-manipulation coopérative via deux robots, de télé-guidage pour l'écriture ou le dessin. Afin d'évaluer la pertinence et l'influence des guides proposés, une série d'expériences a ete effectuée au LISA (Laboratoire d'Ingénierie et Systemes Automatisés) à l'Université d'Angers et au Laboratoire IBISC (Informatique, Biologie Integrative et Systemes Complexes) à l'Université d'Evry. Dans ces expériences, les utilisateurs ont été invités à effectuer des tâches variées, dans des conditions différentes (avec et sans guides). L'analyse a été effectuée sur la base du temps de réalisation des tâches, des erreurs et de l'apprentissage des utilisateurs. Pour les évaluations subjectives des questionnaires ont été utilisés. Ce travail contribue de manière signicative au développement de systèmes collaboratifs pour la téléoperation, la simulation d'assemblage, l'apprentissage de gestes techniques, la rééducation, la conception assistée par ordinateur et le divertissement.

Purpose
Human-induced changes in climate have affected the environment to the extent that any more economic development at the cost of the environment will be too costly. Thus, sustainable development options posing no additional harm to the environment are the only viable option. This study aims to examine the likely environmental impacts of infrastructural developments through the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).


Design/methodology/approach
There is a scarcity of academic debate and discussion on the environmental impact of CPEC developments in laws and policies on the environment. The qualitative approach is followed in this study and official documents and reports are used to investigate the environmental challenges posed by CPEC.


Findings
The findings show three possible environmental concerns which could increase the climate change vulnerability of Pakistan. The coal-fired power plants are the most prominent threat based on their CO2 contributions and smog. Second, cutting more than 54,000 trees for roads infrastructure will increase CO2 concentration along the CPEC route. Third, increasing vehicle trafficking by up to 7,000 trucks per day on Karakorum Highway alone will release 36.5 million tons of additional CO2.


Originality/value
It is essential to rethink the environmental cost of CPEC. The study suggests economic and legal cooperation between Pakistan and China as a way forward to deal with climate change issues. Environmental laws should be a vital part of CPEC projects to ensure their safety, security and sustainability.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between teacher's commitment and turnover intentions among the teachers working in secondary schools in the district of Lahore. The data was collected through a self-design questionnaire from 235 male and female teachers of Lahore who were selected by simple random method of sampling. Graphs correlations t-test and one-way ANOVA were used through the SPSS software package for the data analysis. Findings indicate no significant relationship exists between teachers' commitment and turnover intentions. However, it is found that the teachers' Commitment among the females is higher than that of the male teachers and the teachers' turnover intention among the male and female teachers is the same. It is recommended to increase teachers' commitment and decrease turnover intentions in Lahore by providing incentives and rewards.For turnover intention, it is recommended that teachers' jobs should be permanent.

AbstractConsumers around the globe are concerned about the environment and want to purchase from businesses that are more concerned about society and the environment. Therefore, businesses need to develop their image as socially responsible entities and build their green image through green marketing tactics to enhance the green purchase intentions of their consumers. The study is quantitative, and a convenience sampling technique is used to collect primary data through a self‐administered questionnaire comprised of the demographic profile of the respondents and adopted scales of all the constructs of the study. The population of the study is students of different universities in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Statistical tests are performed with the help of SPSS_v.20 and PLS_v.4 (variance based) on 782 useable responses. Green marketing (GM) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) are the independent variables, while green brand image (GBI) is mediating, and green purchase intention (GPI) is the dependent variable of the study. The results indicate that GM and CSR improved the GBI and built GPI. This study contributes to the social and environmental literature. It may help managers to formulate strategies to enhance the Green Purchase Intentions of customers by building a Green Brand Image.

The paper has investigated the role of L2 input (exposure) on learners' outcomes in a second language learning setting among Pakistani students at the secondary level. The data were collected from one hundred and sixty-seven participants through a questionnaire (checklist) and a test from randomly selected English Language learners' samples and analyzed through SPSS. The results have confirmed that the students of the private schools receive higher-level of inputs (English) than the state school students: t (167)=7.89,p<.05. The analysis also indicated that there have been statistically significant effects on the learners' parents' family income and education level. However, the results presented no significant difference in terms of gender. The findings may help teachers to improve their classroom interactions by providing better input(s) opportunities. It also proves that the students, who avail ample inputs, are more proficient and accurate in their production and commit fewer errors and mistakes in their outcomes. Moreover, it may help the authorities and policymakers to devise policies, and curricula and design materials accordingly.

Background: Enjoyment of physical activity is as an important determinant of children's participation in physical activity. Despite this, there is an absence of reliable measures for assessing children's enjoyment of play activities during school lunchtime. The purpose of this study was to develop and assess the reliability of the Lunchtime Enjoyment of Activity and Play (LEAP) Questionnaire. Methods: Questionnaire items were categorized employing a social-ecological framework including intrapersonal (20 items), interpersonal (2 items), and physical environment/policy (17 items) components to identify the broader influences on children's enjoyment. An identical questionnaire was administered on 2 occasions, 10days apart, to 176 children aged 8-12years, attending a government elementary school in regional Victoria, Australia. RESULTS: Test-retest reliability confirmed that 35 of 39 LEAP Questionnaire items had at least moderate kappa agreement ranging from .44 to .78. Although 4 individual kappa values were low, median kappa scores for each aggregated social-ecological component reached at least moderate agreement (.44-.60). Conclusions: This study confirms the LEAP Questionnaire to be a reliable, context-specific instrument with sound content, and face validity that employs a social-ecological framework to assess children's enjoyment of school play and lunchtime activities. © 2013, American School Health Association.

BACKGROUND Enjoyment of physical activity is as an important determinant of children's participation in physical activity. Despite this, there is an absence of reliable measures for assessing children's enjoyment of play activities during school lunchtime. The purpose of this study was to develop and assess the reliability of the Lunchtime Enjoyment of Activity and Play (LEAP) Questionnaire. METHODS Questionnaire items were categorized employing a social-ecological framework including intrapersonal (20 items), interpersonal (2 items), and physical environment/policy (17 items) components to identify the broader influences on children's enjoyment. An identical questionnaire was administered on 2 occasions, 10 days apart, to 176 children aged 8-12 years, attending a government elementary school in regional Victoria, Australia. RESULTS Test-retest reliability confirmed that 35 of 39 LEAP Questionnaire items had at least moderate kappa agreement ranging from .44 to .78. Although 4 individual kappa values were low, median kappa scores for each aggregated social-ecological component reached at least moderate agreement (.44-.60). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the LEAP Questionnaire to be a reliable, context-specific instrument with sound content, and face validity that employs a social-ecological framework to assess children's enjoyment of school play and lunchtime activities.

Education plays a major role in the development of a state. It is extensively accredited that quality of primary education is the solo most important tool in strengthening human capabilities and achieving the desired goals. The major purpose of the study was to know how the quality indicators impact the quality education in government boys and girls primary schools of the selected five southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. All the head teachers and teachers of government primary schools of southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa constituted the population of the study. The sample of the study was consisted of 100 head teachers (50 male and 50 female) and 300 teachers (one hundred & fifty male and one hundred & fifty female). The study was a survey type in nature. To collect the relevant information on the selected quality indicators (quality of learning environment, quality of contents, quality of process, and quality of outcomes) a self-developed questionnaire was used. Statistical tools chi square test of goodness of equal probability and chi square test of independence were used to analyze the data. In the light of conclusions it is recommended that separate staffrooms should be constructed for teachers, sufficient books for learners and supplementary/allied reading materials for teachers should be provided well in time, students should be encouraged to ask relevant questions during the teaching. Furthermore, examination and assessment systems should be impartial and transparent. Therefore examinations conducting bodies/ authorities should be appointed on merit basis, papers or assessment work may be done by expert teachers, supervisory staff may necessarily be nominated on best performance basis, and evaluation process might to be administered by skilled personals.

In today vibrant business environment, retaining a talented employee is a big challenge faced by organizations. We explore certain factors that might support organizations to retain their best employees. In the current research, we empirically examine the direct and indirect relationship of mentoring and strategic leadership to stay of Gen Y workers in the pharma industry in Pakistan. Affective commitment and Perceived organizational support were used as possible mediators. Through a cross-sectional research design, using the survey method, we received 248 responses from employees working in the pharma industry. Results revealed that both mentoring and strategic leadership have significant influence over Gen Y employees retention. Based on our study results, we suggested that managers should practice mentoring program in their talent management strategy and that managers practice a role of strategic leaders and implement a policy that retains the existing employees and attracts the best talent. Managerial implications and theoretical contributions are also discussed.

Dhaka-Chittagong Highway, which is the main transportation artery for the economy of Bangladesh. Approximately 257 kilometers in length, the road links the country's two largest cities, Dhaka and Chittagong. The NH-1 is a top development priority and is the most demanding road in Bangladesh. Recent enormous congestion, long traffic queue and road accidents ascertains that the highway was built based on non-engineered way or else proper traffic study was not performed during the construction of that highways. Regrettably no extensive traffic studies have been completed on NH-1 by the Government of Bangladesh till now. However, an attempt is made through this research to establish daily, weekly and monthly traffic flow factors along NH-1. Usually traffic data collection and analysis follows varying trends and plays an important role in the evaluation and management of road network schemes. Traffic flow pattern is highly required for different purposes by different ministries and organizations in Bangladesh. The major areas for which this type of study is required are planning prioritization, project initiation, project design, planning maintenance, national transport statistics, road safety measures and traffic control. The daily, weekly and monthly traffic flow arrangements of Dhaka-Chittagong highway have been observed separately in this study. Some specific observation includes that Friday possess maximum traffic flow of 16.20% of weekly volume in NH-1 corridor, Sunday has the minimum traffic flow of 13.51% of the weekly volume and the average daily flow pattern sags on midweek. Likewise, there is a trend of increasing traffic in the first three weeks of a month and decreasing traffic in the last week of a month. It is also detected that the average maximum monthly flow percentage occurs more frequently on November and December. On the contrary, February carries minimum flow more frequently. © IAEME Publication.