Suchergebnisse

This paper explores the close interaction between environmental hazards and non-environmental factors inducing people to leave their areas of origin, augmented by the struggles they face and their urban survival strategies. Focusing on Aila-induced migrants in a slum in Khulna city, the study questions the conventional notion that environmental hazards singularly propel coastal inhabitants' migration. Instead, it asserts that migration results from a convergence of multi-causal factors, notably, the interplay between environmental hazards, socio-political and economic vulnerabilities, and proximity to ecologically fragile regions. Initially driven by subsistence needs, migration has transformed into something greater for many marginalized individuals. These migrants develop strong bonds with specific locations and location-specific networks, which facilitate their transition to urban life and allow them to mitigate the challenges associated with urban living. This study sheds light on the nuanced dynamics of climate-induced migration, emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive policy responses.

Using two rounds of nationally representative Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS 2011-12 and 2015) data and Fixed Effects model, this study explores the linkages among household crop diversification, household dietary diversity and per capita nutrients intake of households. This study finds that households with higher crop diversification are more likely to diversify their consumption. In addition, there is a significant association between dietary diversity and per capita intake of calorie, protein, iron, zinc and vitamin A among farm households. Therefore, increasing crop diversification helps increase dietary diversity and dietary diversity, in turn, would decrease macro and micro nutrient deficiencies in Bangladesh.

This dissertation consists of three essays. The first essay explores the determinants of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in developing countries, focusing on the International Development Association (IDA) status of a country. While IDA status is negatively associated with PPPs, GDP per capita, economic growth, market size and inflation are all positively related with them. While, volatile exchange rates discourage risk-averse investors, economic freedom and foreign aid encourage them to participate in PPPs. As opposed to crisis-ridden countries, fuel exporting countries are less inclined toward PPPs. Finally, although the years of PPP experience initially attract more PPPs, further experiences are proving to be frustrating and discouraging of future PPPs. Overall, the findings suggest that PPPs are being used to conceal public borrowing while in effect providing a long-term state guarantee of corporate profits. The second paper investigates the factors contributing to the success of PPP projects in the South Asian region (SAR), with a focus on project and contract attributes. Results suggest that projects in the information and communication technology sector and transport sector are at greater risks of failure than in the energy sector is, and that a greater share of risks and responsibilities borne by the private sector will positively affect project outcomes. As expected, price instability reduces the likelihood of success, while development assistance increases it. In terms of achieving success, small projects are more effective than large ones, and local governments are found to be more efficient than national governments. Finally, the results demonstrate that effectively balancing quality regulation and investment freedom is instrumental to PPP success. Using a panel data on SAR over the period 1972-2017, the third essay addresses the research question: "Does improved health help to catalyse economic growth?" The findings reveal that life expectancy and other health indicators are positively associated ...

Rapid increase of size and demands of the urban population are causing manifold challenges for urban local governance in Bangladesh whereas Japan has successfully tackled similar challenges during last half century by adopting various policy measures at considerable cost. Among those, Bangladesh might easily consider several for her urban governance and development. This paper attempted to find out some policy options that Bangladesh could adopt from Japanese practices and experiences. Accordingly, an explanatory-descriptive design has been employed for content analysis in order to draw logical arguments regarding local autonomy, city governance, local assembly, financial autonomy, environmental and disaster management. Finally, the study concludes that lesson learning is essential but is neither sufficient nor indicative of an exact path to follow.

Rapid increase of size and demands of the urban population are causing manifold challenges for urban local governance in Bangladesh whereas, Japan has successfully tackled similar challenges during last half century by adopting various policy measures at considerable cost. Among those, Bangladesh might easily consider several for her urban governance and development. This article attempted to find out some policy options that Bangladesh could adopt from Japanese practices and experiences. Accordingly, an explanatory-descriptive design has been employed for content analysis, in order to draw logical arguments regarding local autonomy, city governance, local assembly, financial autonomy, environmental and disaster management. Finally, the study concludes that, lesson learning is essential but is neither sufficient nor indicative of an exact path to follow. Adapted from the source document.

Over the last few decades, governance systems across the world have prioritised citizen participation. Direct participation of the citizenry facilitates social accountability, which contributes to the advancement of good governance. In Bangladesh, following the success of donor-funded pathfinder projects, various social accountability mechanisms were legally mandated at the local level. This study examines the prescribed functioning of these mechanisms and compares this to actual practice. The study followed an explanatory, descriptive method for content analysis by reviewing relevant secondary literature. Key findings were: no practical guidelines exist in Bangladesh for managing social accountability mechanisms; citizens have limited access to information; local functionaries have insufficient understanding of their role; and social accountability has not been institutionalised. To ensure successful social accountability, it will be necessary to provide adequate guidelines, take financial and management factors into account, and make people aware of their rights. Government and NGO intervention on the demand side (local people) will be required to make this happen.

When children are able to progress beyond their parents' education level, that is, when there is upward intergenerational education mobility—they are more likely to have better opportunities and access than their parents in terms of jobs and income. For any nation, it is important to understand the trajectory of intergenerational education mobility and ask: Has it been increasing? In the case of Bangladesh, our study is the first to use nationally representative household survey data to explore the trend of intergenerational education mobility. We compute intergenerational education mobility separately for three different years—2005, 2010 and 2016, and find that intergenerational education mobility has, from 2005 to 2016, significantly decreased in terms of fathers' education. This is surprising given that the expansion of education has been a target both policy-wise and action-wise—for Bangladesh over the last few decades. The finding in terms of mothers' education—that intergenerational education mobility has significantly increased from 2005 to 2016—makes more sense given the focus on female education expansion in Bangladesh over the years. Moreover, our results indicate that daughters, in general, have been progressing better compared to sons in terms of intergenerational (father–child) education mobility and that children of fathers with higher education levels progressed better than children of fathers with lower education levels. We suggest policies accordingly and emphasize the need to investigate the reasons behind the father–child education immobility over time in Bangladesh.

AbstractAlthough research on children with autism, their parents, and family-provider relations has substantially increased around the world, there has been a paucity of qualitative studies conducted on autism in developing countries or cross-cultural contexts. This qualitative study aims to explore parents' experiences of raising a child with autism, as well as how autism is framed in everyday cultural contexts in Bangladesh. Using a semi-structured interview schedule, the study conducted interviews with four fathers and eighteen mothers of children with autism. The findings of this study reveal that parents who care for a child with autism experience emotions of sadness, frustration, and isolation. Despite the immense challenges that come with raising a child with autism, many parents report that their stress and anxiety are compounded by the stigma, avoidance, and disparaging remarks they receive from their own family members and neighbors. The findings of this study may help researchers and healthcare professionals understand better as to how local cultural beliefs, experiences, and understandings influence, how parents and families care for and view the development of their children with autism, and how they look for support and treatment services.

PurposeThe theory building of inclusive workplace is still in its early stages, particularly concerning the inclusion of the poor in the developing countries. Through the exploration of social entrepreneurial inclusion, this study extends the inclusive workplace theory by featuring the inclusive dynamism of organizations for the poor in developing countries.Design/methodology/approachA case study approach was selected, as the goal of this study is to build on the theory in an under-researched area. This qualitative study is described as theory elaboration as it expands upon theoretical links that have received little attention among workforce diversity scholars.FindingsWe have established a conceptual framework of social entrepreneurial inclusion, which encompasses the following normative themes: organizational perspective for promoting social equality, empowering relationships, a sense of inclusion, organizational access to valuable resources and empowered inclusion.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough we have taken an exploratory qualitative approach and made efforts to report our data neutrally, we acknowledge that the ethical and theoretical positions taken in analyzing the data may have influenced the outcome of this research and, therefore, our findings can never be truly objective. We also acknowledge that this study was conducted in developing countries, thus the poor inclusive workplace model is not generalizable for the poor in developed countries due to different institutional and ecological settings.Practical implicationsWe have illustrated the importance of business leaders leveraging the opportunities in the space between interdependency of individuals and organizations through doing well by doing good. Poor-inclusive workplaces need business leaders who can demonstrate the effective interpersonal skills to develop constructive and personalized relationships with the workers, the family and community members to encourage the idea that the poor be included in the workplace.Social implicationsThe findings from this study also infer how corporations may collaborate with SEs and humanitarian agencies for inclusive growth so they can simultaneously unleash economic value and social value to develop more effective poor-inclusive business models in both sectors. Social entrepreneurs (SEs) and humanistic agencies tend to have situated knowledge of the poor in terms of locally embedded needs and knowledge of the community that corporations do not have.Originality/valueThis paper promotes the integrative workplace models of inclusion where inclusion of poor is empowered through involvement of multiple parties inside and outside workplaces. The empowered inclusion outcomes are strengthened through organizational access to valuable resources at the institutional level.

This paper explores the schooling choice decision of parents in Bangladesh and concludes that the parental level of education, in particular father's education level, negatively influences the likelihood of sending the child to the religious stream of education. The paper suggests that parents' access to information and their education level might be related- allowing them to make informed schooling choice for their children.