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"The Global Practice of Forensic Science presents histories, issues, patterns, and diversity in the applications of international forensic science. Written by 64 experienced and internationally recognized forensic scientists, the volume documents the practice of forensic science in 28 countries from Africa, the Americas, Asia, Australia and Europe. Each country's chapter explores factors of political history, academic linkages, the influence of individual cases, facility development, types of cases examined, integration within forensic science, recruitment, training, funding, certification, accreditation, quality control, technology, disaster preparedness, legal issues, research and future directions. Aimed at all scholars interested in international forensic science, the volume provides detail on the diverse fields within forensic science and their applications around the world"--

Co-published with the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, Forensic Science presents comprehensive international discussion of key issues and future directions within the forensic sciences. Written by accomplished and respected specialists in approximately eleven distinct areas of the forensic sciences, the volume will examine central issues within each discipline, provide perspective on current debate and explore current and proposed research initiatives. It will also provide the forensically involved international community with current in-depth perspective on the key issues in the conte

Estimation of time since death represents an essential, but difficult component of the analysis of human remains in the context of human rights investigations. Although morphological indicators of postmortem change can be influenced by many variables, radiocarbon analysis has proven to represent a useful approach. Radiocarbon values clearly reveal if the remains are ancient (radioactive decay) or modern (more recent than 1950 A.D.). If the latter, analysis of the radiocarbon value of specific tissues in consideration of documented atmospheric bomb‐pulse values potentially can clarify both the birth date and death date. Frequently in human rights cases, it is important to establish if recovered remains relate to a particular death date or date range. In these cases, hypotheses can be formulated for testing with radiocarbon analysis.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Notes on contributors -- Series preface -- Preface -- Chapter 1 New directions in forensic anthropology -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Detection and recovery -- 1.3 Determination of human status -- 1.4 Age at death -- 1.5 Time since death -- 1.6 Sex estimation -- 1.7 Ancestry -- 1.8 Living stature -- 1.9 Postmortem history -- 1.10 Positive identification -- 1.11 Foul play -- 1.12 Certification -- 1.13 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2 Some thoughts on the future challenges to criminalistics -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Technological advances -- 2.2.1 Computers, software, and databases -- 2.2.2 DNA -- 2.2.3 Impression evidence -- 2.2.4 Instrumentation -- 2.3 Quality issues -- 2.3.1 NAS Report -- 2.4 Financial burdens -- 2.4.1 Seeking additional sources of grant funding -- 2.4.2 Staffing -- 2.4.3 Regionalization -- 2.4.4 Consolidation -- 2.4.5 Cost recovery -- 2.4.6 Privatization -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 Digital and multimedia sciences -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 History -- 3.3 Digital evidence -- 3.4 Damaged (mobile) devices -- 3.5 Multimedia -- 3.5.1 Deep learning (Hinton et al. ) -- 3.5.2 Camera identification -- 3.5.3 Other biometrics -- 3.6 Wearables and quantified self -- 3.7 Drones -- 3.8 Sensors -- 3.9 Geo satellites -- 3.10 Disasters/large scale incidents -- 3.11 Quality assurance -- 3.12 Challenges -- References -- Chapter 4 A look at the future of forensic engineering science -- "The future": a preface -- 4.1 Junk law in the courtroom -- 4.2 Forensic engineering sciences and needs of the modern world at large -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5 General section history: look at two disciplines and a review of standards, certifications, and education -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Forensic veterinary science -- 5.3 Certification: introduction.

Intro -- Disaster Victim Identification in the 21st Century -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Notes on the Contributors -- Preface -- Series Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 This Book -- 2 Historical Background -- 2.1 History of Mass Disasters -- 2.2 Early History of Mass Disaster Response -- 2.2.1 The Portsmouth Christmas Fires and 1803 Portsmouth Federal Disaster Relief -- 2.2.2 The 1835 Great Fire of New York City -- 2.2.3 1865 Sultana Explosion -- 2.2.4 The 1871 Fires -- 2.2.5 American Red Cross (ARC) -- 2.2.6 1889 Johnstown Flood -- 2.2.7 1899 San Ciriaco Hurricane -- 2.2.8 1900 Galveston Storm -- 2.2.9 1906 San Francisco Earthquake -- 2.2.10 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Fire -- 2.2.11 1912 Sinking of Titanic -- 2.2.12 1918 Spanish Flu Pandemic -- 2.2.13 1921-22 Russian (Povolzhye) Famine -- 2.2.14 1927 Mississippi River Flood -- 2.3 1930s and 1940s Federal Disaster Relief Legislation -- 2.3.1 World War II Civilian Preparedness and Emergency Assets -- 2.3.2 Post WWII Federal Disaster Relief Legislation -- 2.3.3 Civil Defense Act of 1950 (P.L. 81-920) -- 2.3.4 Federal Disaster Relief Act of 1950 (P.L. 81-875) -- 2.4 1950s Federal Disaster Relief -- 2.5 1960s Beginnings -- 2.5.1 1960 Hurricane Donna -- 2.5.2 1961 Hurricane Carla -- 2.5.3 1962 Ash Wednesday Storm -- 2.5.4 1964 Great Alaskan Earthquake -- 2.5.5 1960s Federal Activism in the Wake of the Alaskan Earthquake -- 2.5.6 1965 Palm Sunday Tornado Outbreak -- 2.5.7 1965 Hurricane Betsy -- 2.5.8 Disaster Relief Act of 1966 -- 2.5.9 1968 National Flood Insurance -- 2.5.10 1969 Hurricane Camille -- 2.6 Disaster Relief Acts of 1969 and 1970 -- 2.6.1 1971 San Fernando (Sylmar) Earthquake -- 2.6.2 1972 Hurricane Agnes -- 2.6.3 1974 Super Outbreak -- 2.6.4 Disaster Relief Act Amendments of 1974 -- 2.7 National Emergencies Act of 1976.

UIDB/04038/2020 UIDP/04038/2020 ; Documented skeletal collections are the backbone of forensic anthropology due to their associated biohistories. This paper describes the identified skeletal collections and their relevance in forensic anthropological research, education and training in the US. The establishment of documented skeletal collections in the US can be distinguished into two modus operandi, depending on the stance towards the dead, legislation, and medical and forensic practices. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, anatomists amassed skeletons from cadaver dissections, shaped by European influences. Those skeletons compose the anatomical collections—such as the Robert J. Terry Anatomical Collection—predominantly representing impoverished and unclaimed individuals. Ethical concerns for the curation and research of African American skeletons without family consent are growing in the US. In contrast, since the 1980s, modern documented skeletal collections originated from body donations to human taphonomy facilities, such as the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection. The establishment and testing of osteological methods essential to establish one's identity—such as age at death and sex—have been developed with skeletons from documented collections. Therefore, the analysis of identified skeletons has been crucial for the development of forensic anthropology in the US. ; publishersversion ; published

Documented skeletal collections are the backbone of forensic anthropology due to their associated biohistories. This paper describes the identified skeletal collections and their relevance in forensic anthropological research, education and training in the US. The establishment of documented skeletal collections in the US can be distinguished into two modus operandi, depending on the stance towards the dead, legislation, and medical and forensic practices. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, anatomists amassed skeletons from cadaver dissections, shaped by European influences. Those skeletons compose the anatomical collections—such as the Robert J. Terry Anatomical Collection—predominantly representing impoverished and unclaimed individuals. Ethical concerns for the curation and research of African American skeletons without family consent are growing in the US. In contrast, since the 1980s, modern documented skeletal collections originated from body donations to human taphonomy facilities, such as the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection. The establishment and testing of osteological methods essential to establish one's identity—such as age at death and sex—have been developed with skeletons from documented collections. Therefore, the analysis of identified skeletons has been crucial for the development of forensic anthropology in the US. ; Bone Matters/Matérias Ósseas: IF/00127/2014/CP1233/CT0003 (funded by FCT/Portugal). Life After Death: Rethinking Human Remains and Human Osteological Collections as Cultural Heritage and Biobanks: 2020.01014.CEECIND (funded by FCT/Portugal). Bones Digital Footprint: Insights from Scientometrics and Social Media Analysis (BoDiPrint): UIDB/04038/2020.