Suchergebnisse

Background Cancer rates in Africa are projected to double by 2030 due to aging and increased exposure to cancer risk factors, including modifiable risk factors. We assessed adherence to 5 modifiable cancer risk factors across 18 African countries. Methods Data on adults 18 years and older were obtained from the 2002–2004 World Health Survey. Adherence to current World Cancer Research Fund guidelines on smoking, alcohol, body weight, physical activity, and nutrition was assessed. Adherence scores ranged from 0 (no guideline met) to 5 (all guidelines met). Determinants of adherence were assessed using multivariable linear regression adjusted for individual and country level characteristics. Results Across all countries, adherence to the guidelines among adults was high for smoking (72%–99%) and alcohol (85%–100%), but low for body weight (1.8%–78%), physical activity (3.4%–84%) and nutrition (1.4%–61%). Overall adherence score ranged from 2.32 in Mali to 3.72 in Comoros. In multivariable models, residing in low versus high SES households was associated with reduced adherence by 0.24 and 0.21 points for men and women respectively after adjusting for age, gender, education, and marital status (p<0.001). Every % increase in GDP spent on health was associated with increased adherence by 0.03 in men and 0.09 in women (p<0.001). Conclusions The wide variation in adherence to cancer prevention guidelines observed across countries and between population sub-groups suggests the need for targeted public health efforts to improve behaviors related to body weight, physical activity and nutrition.

Purpose: This study examined factors associated with healthcare providers' (HCPs') recommendation of HPV vaccination for younger and older adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, using web-based survey of HCPs in New Jersey in 2018. The study outcome was a dichotomous measure of HCPs' recommendation of the HPV vaccine. The study predictors included practice characteristics (i.e., proportions of race/ethnicity, age groups, insurance type, and VFC recipients) and HCP's characteristics (i.e., specialty and perceived knowledge, effectiveness, concerns, parent- and system-related barriers, and facilitators). Data analysis included logistic regression models using separate blocks for practice and provider characteristics, followed by a backward stepwise approach to determine the surviving predictors. Results: Respondents (N=390) included physicians (75%) and nurse practitioners (25%), specialized in pediatrics (62%), family medicine (20%), and women's health (18%). The HCPs' recommendation rates for HPV vaccination were 56% for younger adolescents (11–13 years old) and 73% for older adolescents (14–17 years old). For younger adolescents, the recommendation rates were significantly higher in practices with higher proportions of younger adolescent, Black and Hispanic patients; among pediatric providers; and with HCPs' higher levels of knowledge and lower levels of concern about the vaccine. For older adolescents, the rates were significantly higher in practices with higher proportions patients who are Hispanic, privately insured, and VFC recipients; among pediatric providers; and with HCPs' higher levels of knowledge and lower levels of concern about the vaccine as well as higher levels of facilitators for recommending the HPV vaccine. Conclusions: Interventions targeting HCPs need to focus on improving their knowledge regarding the vaccine, reduce their concerns around its safety, and utilize facilitators strategies, particularly among non-pediatric providers.