Suchergebnisse

As one of the primary engines of economic development, local governments are in a position to enhance employment opportunities for low income and minority workers by implementing policies to promote equity, diversity, and inclusion in the local workforce. This brief reviews the policy tools and strategies available to municipal governments for targeted workforce development. Based on a survey of policies in Seattle, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Cleveland, the brief shows types of policies local government agencies can implement to recruit, train, and provide employment opportunities for workers from disadvantage populations in local communities. The brief concludes policies that include members from the community in the developmental process and emphasize collaboration with civic organizations are more effective for promoting diversity, equity, and inclusivity in the local workforce.

Abstract
Background: Therapies to prevent alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) in high-risk patients are needed. Aims: In this retrospective association study, we examined whether patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) who reported greater exercise were less likely to develop liver disease. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we used the Mass General Brigham Biobank to investigate the impact of both moderate-high and light-intensity exercise on the development of ALD in patients with AUD, using clinician-provided diagnostic International Classification of Diseases 10 codes. Exercise was evaluated using a questionnaire completed after an AUD diagnosis, and before evidence of liver disease. Cox regressions were used to generate hazard ratios (HRs) for the development of ALD. Results: 1987 patients met inclusion criteria. These patients were followed for an average of 10.7 years. In multivariable analyses, we found that patients that reported at least 2.5 h of moderate-high intensity exercise/week (confidence interval recommendation for exercise) were less likely to develop ALD compared to patients that did not exercise (HR: 0.26, 95%CI: 0.085–0.64, P = 0.007). Indeed, each hour of moderate-high intensity exercise was associated with progressively decreasing odds of developing ALD (HR: 0.76, 95%CI: 0.58–0.91, P = 0.02). Conversely, patients who did not engage in any moderate-high intensity exercise were more likely to develop ALD (HR: 2.76, 95%CI: 1.44–5.40, P = 0.003). Conclusions: In our cohort, patients with AUD who reported moderate-high intensity exercise showed a lower association with incidence of ALD development than patients who did not exercise.