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International audience ; Agroforestry systems play a very important role in reducing wind speed, improving soil structure, increasing biodiversity and carbon sequestration [1]. One of the beneficial microbiota that have a symbiotic association with most of the plants in agroforestry is arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) [2]. The diversity of AMF can be a critical factor in enhancing both the productivity and the diversity of plants in agroecosystems. However, very few studies have been carried out on the impact of mycorrhization on walnut trees with associated crops (e.g maize). The integration of a vegetal cover in intercrop in walnut plantations is an innovative practice, still little developed. Although cover crops are widely used in conservation agriculture or organic farming, there is little knowledge on the impact of cover crops on native mycorrhizal fungi. The aim of our study was to evaluate arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community associated to walnut roots under agroforestry and agricultural systems ; Agroforestry systems play a very important role in reducing wind speed, improving soil structure, increasing biodiversity and carbon sequestration [1]. One of the beneficial microbiota that have a symbiotic association with most of the plants in agroforestry is arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) [2]. The diversity of AMF can be a critical factor in enhancing both the productivity and the diversity of plants in agroecosystems. However, very few studies have been carried out on the impact of mycorrhization on walnut trees with associated crops (e.g maize). The integration of a vegetal cover in intercrop in walnut plantations is an innovative practice, still little developed. Although cover crops are widely used in conservation agriculture or organic farming, there is little knowledge on the impact of cover crops on native mycorrhizal fungi. The aim of our study was to evaluate arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community associated to walnut roots under agroforestry and agricultural systems

International audience ; Agroforestry systems play a very important role in reducing wind speed, improving soil structure, increasing biodiversity and carbon sequestration [1]. One of the beneficial microbiota that have a symbiotic association with most of the plants in agroforestry is arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) [2]. The diversity of AMF can be a critical factor in enhancing both the productivity and the diversity of plants in agroecosystems. However, very few studies have been carried out on the impact of mycorrhization on walnut trees with associated crops (e.g maize). The integration of a vegetal cover in intercrop in walnut plantations is an innovative practice, still little developed. Although cover crops are widely used in conservation agriculture or organic farming, there is little knowledge on the impact of cover crops on native mycorrhizal fungi. The aim of our study was to evaluate arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community associated to walnut roots under agroforestry and agricultural systems ; Agroforestry systems play a very important role in reducing wind speed, improving soil structure, increasing biodiversity and carbon sequestration [1]. One of the beneficial microbiota that have a symbiotic association with most of the plants in agroforestry is arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) [2]. The diversity of AMF can be a critical factor in enhancing both the productivity and the diversity of plants in agroecosystems. However, very few studies have been carried out on the impact of mycorrhization on walnut trees with associated crops (e.g maize). The integration of a vegetal cover in intercrop in walnut plantations is an innovative practice, still little developed. Although cover crops are widely used in conservation agriculture or organic farming, there is little knowledge on the impact of cover crops on native mycorrhizal fungi. The aim of our study was to evaluate arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community associated to walnut roots under agroforestry and agricultural systems

International audience ; Agroforestry systems play a very important role in reducing wind speed, improving soil structure, increasing biodiversity and carbon sequestration [1]. One of the beneficial microbiota that have a symbiotic association with most of the plants in agroforestry is arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) [2]. The diversity of AMF can be a critical factor in enhancing both the productivity and the diversity of plants in agroecosystems. However, very few studies have been carried out on the impact of mycorrhization on walnut trees with associated crops (e.g maize). The integration of a vegetal cover in intercrop in walnut plantations is an innovative practice, still little developed. Although cover crops are widely used in conservation agriculture or organic farming, there is little knowledge on the impact of cover crops on native mycorrhizal fungi. The aim of our study was to evaluate arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community associated to walnut roots under agroforestry and agricultural systems ; Agroforestry systems play a very important role in reducing wind speed, improving soil structure, increasing biodiversity and carbon sequestration [1]. One of the beneficial microbiota that have a symbiotic association with most of the plants in agroforestry is arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) [2]. The diversity of AMF can be a critical factor in enhancing both the productivity and the diversity of plants in agroecosystems. However, very few studies have been carried out on the impact of mycorrhization on walnut trees with associated crops (e.g maize). The integration of a vegetal cover in intercrop in walnut plantations is an innovative practice, still little developed. Although cover crops are widely used in conservation agriculture or organic farming, there is little knowledge on the impact of cover crops on native mycorrhizal fungi. The aim of our study was to evaluate arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community associated to walnut roots under agroforestry and agricultural systems

International audience ; Worldwide dairy processing plants produce high volumes of dairy processing sludge (DPS), which can be converted into secondary derivatives such as struvite, biochar and ash (collectively termed STRUBIAS). All of these products have high fertilizer equivalent values (FEV), but future certification as phosphorus (P)-fertilizers in the European Union will mean they need to adhere to new technical regulations for fertilizing materials i.e., content limits pertaining to heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn), synthetic organic compounds and pathogens. This systematic review presents the current state of knowledge about these bio-based fertilizers and identifies knowledge gaps. In addition, a review and calculation of greenhouse gas emissions from a range of concept dairy sludge management and production systems for STRUBIAS products [i.e., biochar from pyrolysis and hydrochar from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)] is presented. Results from the initial review showed that DPS composition depends on product type and treatment processes at a given processing plant, which leads to varied nutrient, heavy metal and carbon contents. These products are all typically high in nutrients and carbon, but low in heavy metals. Further work needs to concentrate on examining their pathogenic microorganism and emerging contaminant contents, in addition to conducting an economic assessment of production and end-user costs related to chemical fertilizer equivalents. With respect to STRUBIAS products, contaminants not present in the raw DPS may need further treatment before being land applied in agriculture e.g., heated producing ashes, hydrochar, or biochar. An examination of these products from an environmental perspective shows that their water quality footprint could be minimized using application rates based on P incorporation of these products into nutrient management planning and application by incorporation into the soil. Results from the concept system showed that elimination of methane emissions was possible, along with a reduction in nitrous oxide. Less carbon (C) is transferred to agricultural fields where DPS is processed into biochar and hydrochar, but due to high recalcitrance, the C in this form is retained much longer in the soil, and therefore STRUBIAS products represent a more stable and long-term option to increase soil C stocks and sequestration.

International audience ; Worldwide dairy processing plants produce high volumes of dairy processing sludge (DPS), which can be converted into secondary derivatives such as struvite, biochar and ash (collectively termed STRUBIAS). All of these products have high fertilizer equivalent values (FEV), but future certification as phosphorus (P)-fertilizers in the European Union will mean they need to adhere to new technical regulations for fertilizing materials i.e., content limits pertaining to heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn), synthetic organic compounds and pathogens. This systematic review presents the current state of knowledge about these bio-based fertilizers and identifies knowledge gaps. In addition, a review and calculation of greenhouse gas emissions from a range of concept dairy sludge management and production systems for STRUBIAS products [i.e., biochar from pyrolysis and hydrochar from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)] is presented. Results from the initial review showed that DPS composition depends on product type and treatment processes at a given processing plant, which leads to varied nutrient, heavy metal and carbon contents. These products are all typically high in nutrients and carbon, but low in heavy metals. Further work needs to concentrate on examining their pathogenic microorganism and emerging contaminant contents, in addition to conducting an economic assessment of production and end-user costs related to chemical fertilizer equivalents. With respect to STRUBIAS products, contaminants not present in the raw DPS may need further treatment before being land applied in agriculture e.g., heated producing ashes, hydrochar, or biochar. An examination of these products from an environmental perspective shows that their water quality footprint could be minimized using application rates based on P incorporation of these products into nutrient management planning and application by incorporation into the soil. Results from the concept system showed that elimination of methane emissions was ...

peer-reviewed ; Worldwide dairy processing plants produce high volumes of dairy processing sludge (DPS), which can be converted into secondary derivatives such as struvite, biochar and ash (collectively termed STRUBIAS). All of these products have high fertilizer equivalent values (FEV), but future certification as phosphorus (P)-fertilizers in the European Union will mean they need to adhere to new technical regulations for fertilizing materials i.e., content limits pertaining to heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn), synthetic organic compounds and pathogens. This systematic review presents the current state of knowledge about these bio-based fertilizers and identifies knowledge gaps. In addition, a review and calculation of greenhouse gas emissions from a range of concept dairy sludge management and production systems for STRUBIAS products [i.e., biochar from pyrolysis and hydrochar from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)] is presented. Results from the initial review showed that DPS composition depends on product type and treatment processes at a given processing plant, which leads to varied nutrient, heavy metal and carbon contents. These products are all typically high in nutrients and carbon, but low in heavy metals. Further work needs to concentrate on examining their pathogenic microorganism and emerging contaminant contents, in addition to conducting an economic assessment of production and end-user costs related to chemical fertilizer equivalents. With respect to STRUBIAS products, contaminants not present in the raw DPS may need further treatment before being land applied in agriculture e.g., heated producing ashes, hydrochar, or biochar. An examination of these products from an environmental perspective shows that their water quality footprint could be minimized using application rates based on P incorporation of these products into nutrient management planning and application by incorporation into the soil. Results from the concept system showed that elimination of methane emissions was possible, ...