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AbstractDisability and poverty have a complex and interdependent relationship. It is commonly understood that persons with disabilities are more likely to be poor and that poverty may contribute to sustaining disability. This interdependency is revealed not only through an examination of poverty in terms of income but also on a broader scale through other poverty related dimensions. Just how robust is this link? This paper compares data collected from household surveys in Afghanistan and Zambia, and explores the potential link between multidimensional poverty and disability. We find evidence of lower access to health care, education and labour market for people with disabilities, whatever is the disability status, but poverty measured by an asset index is not statistically different between people with and without disabilities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The difficulties faced by persons with disabilities throughout the displacement process contribute to their increased vulnerability. Adapted from the source document.

AbstractThis policy arena focuses on a significantly under‐represented subject in international development journals—disability. This is timely, as the United Nations Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities recently came into force in May 2008. As a result, there is a growing awareness among policy‐makers and development practitioners of the need to comprehensively address disability issues in their core activities. Persons with disabilities have long been subjects of international aid, so why has there been so little focus on mainstreaming disability within international development, and so little attention to development within disability circles? This editorial, and the papers presented in the policy arena, draw out the key issues around these themes that emerged from a major conference—poverty, discrimination and lack of access—held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in May 2008 and looks at the trajectory of links between disability and development and asks what is the significance of convention and how will it take the field forward. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Abstract
Background
The 2006 United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities states that the achievement of equal rights, empowerment and social inclusion of people with disabilities requires comprehensive rehabilitation services encompassing all components of the World Health Organization Community based rehabilitation (CBR) matrix: health, education, livelihood, social and empowerment. CBR programs specifically aim to deliver such comprehensive interventions. In the present study, we investigate the impact of a CBR program in Afghanistan on all these components.

Methods
We enrolled 1861 newly recruited CBR participants with disabilities in the study, from 169 villages between July 2012 and December 2013 as well as 1132 controls with disabilities randomly selected through a two-stage process within 6000 households from 100 villages in the same provinces but outside the catchment area of the CBR program. We interviewed them again after one (midline) and two (end-line) years in the study. Using propensity score matching and difference in difference analysis, we estimated the impact of the CBR on outcomes of interest, namely mobility, activities of daily living, communication, participation in social and community life, emotional well-being and employment.

Results
Three years on average into the CBR program, participants showed a significant and close to medium effect size reduction in emotional (Cohen's d = − 0.48, 95%CI[− 0.58--0.38]), and social participation challenges (Cohen's d = − 0.45, 95%CI[− 0.53−− 0.36]); small to medium effect size reduction in unemployment (Cohen's d = − 0.21, 95%CI[− 0.33--0.10]), activities of daily living (Cohen's d = − 0.26, 95%CI[− 0.35--0.18]), mobility (Cohen's d = − 0.36, 95%CI[− 0.44--.29]) and communication challenges (Cohen's d = − 0.38, 95%CI[− 0.46--0.3]).

Conclusions
Our study indicates that a CBR program may provide positive rehabilitation outcomes for persons with disabilities even in a conflict context, and improve overall well-being of all participants with disabilities, whatever their impairment, individual characteristics and the CBR matrix components considered.

Trial registration
ISRCTN, ISRCTN50214054. Registered August 5th 2020 - retrospectively registered