Suchergebnisse

As for the economic efficiency of crop production on family farms, we started our analysis from the fact that it is related to the control of costs and economies of scale, bearing in mind that both of them are closely connected to the size of a family farm. Taking this into account, the indicators measuring the ratio of costs to revenues of crop production were used to measure the economic efficiency of crop production on surveyed family farms. All indicators were calculated based on the empirical data collected by interviewing 100 selected holders of the family farms belonging to the territory of AP Vojvodina during the five-year production period (2011/2012 - 2015/2016). The results show that the long-term survival of most smaller family farms oriented to crop production without agricultural subsidies may be questioned, particularly if the European Union accession process and increasing competitiveness on the market are taken into account. ; Prilikom analize ekonomske efikasnosti ratarske proizvodnje na porodičnim gazdinstvima pošlo se od toga da je ona povezana sa kontrolom troškova i ekonomijom obima, pri čemu su i kontrola troškova i ekonomija obima usko povezane sa veličinom porodičnog gazdinstva. Imajući to u vidu, za merenje ekonomske efikasnosti ratarske proizvodnje na anketiranim porodičnim gazdinstvima korišćeni su pokazatelji koji mere odnos troškova i prihoda ratarske proizvodnje. Svi pokazatelji računati su na osnovu empirijskih podataka prikupljenih anketiranjem 100 nosilaca izabranih porodičnih gazdinstava sa teritorije AP Vojvodine tokom pet proizvodnih godina (2011/2012 - 2015/2016). Dobijeni rezultati pokazali su da je opstanak većine manjih porodičnih gazdinstava usmerenih na ratarsku proizvodnju bez državnih podsticaja za poljoprivredu u dužem vremenskom periodu doveden u pitanje, naročito ako se ima u vidu proces pridruživanja Evropskoj uniji i sve veća konkurencija na tržištu.

Sweet corn is not commonly produced at Serbian family farms, although it has a significant economic potential. Besides, there is a lack of research related to economic performance of the sweet corn production. Therefore, the goal of this research was to determine economic effects of introducing sweet corn in the sowing structure of specialized field crops farms in Serbia. The analysis was performed on the model of family farm specialized in the field crops production. Determination of average gross margin for appropriate field crops was followed by the optimization of farms' sowing structure (by applying linear programming approach). Authors analyzed three variants depending on sweet corn participation in the sowing structure. It was determined that the optimization itself increases the use of labor force and positively influences the level of farm gross margin. By combining the optimization with the introduction of sweet corn in the sowing structure even better results are achieved. Therefore, family farms specialized in the field crops production should be encouraged to extend their sowing structure by producing sweet corn. The paper offers an important insight into the combination of crops which can improve an overall economic performance of family farms.

Bearing in mind the increasing price of diesel fuel, it is necessary to determine its effect on the production of family farms as main factors of agricultural production in Serbia. First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the farms specializing in crop production because the price of diesel fuel has the biggest influence on economic effects of their production. In order to achieve this goal, the model of a family crop farm was used in this paper. This model was used to determine how the change of diesel fuel market price influences the change of efficiency ratio of the total farm production. Calculations were made for production with subsidies and without them, as well as for two initial presumptions - when the sowing structure of farm was not optimized and when it was. Besides forming models and optimization of production structure, method of sensitive analysis was also used in the paper, starting with a premise that market price of fuel fluctuates in the interval reflecting changes that occur in practice. It was determined by analysis that without optimization of the sowing structure, family farm businesses were economically efficient only with government subsidies. On the other hand, on condition that optimal sowing structure was used, production is economically efficient even without subsidies, except for the case with maximized presupposed fuel price. Ratio of economical efficiency in corn production (as the most important crop in the sowing structure of a family farm) for different yields and corn price with presupposed increase of fuel price was also analyzed in the paper. ; Imajući u vidu trend rasta cena dizel goriva, neophodno je utvrditi na koji način će se to odraziti na poslovanje porodičnih poljoprivrednih gazdinstava, kao nosilaca poljoprivredne proizvodnje u Srbiji. U prvom redu, pažnju je neophodno usmeriti na gazdinstva koja su specijalizovana za ratarsku proizvodnju, pošto je kod njih prisutan najveći uticaj cena dizel goriva na ekonomske efekte poslovanja. Da bi se ovaj cilj ostvario u radu je korišćen model porodičnog gazdinstva ratarskog tipa. Na ovom modelu je utvrđeno kako promena nabavne cene dizel goriva utiče na promenu koeficijenta ekonomičnosti poslovanja čitavog gazdinstva. Proračuni su izvedeni za uslove sa i bez subvencija, kao i za dve polazne pretpostavke - kada struktura setve gazdinstva nije optimalna, kao i kada je urađena optimizacija. U radu je pored formiranja modela i optimizacije proizvodne strukture korišćena i metoda senzitivne analize, pri čemu se pošlo od pretpostavke da nabavna cena pogonskog goriva varira u intervalu koji odražava promene do kojih dolazi u praksi. Analizom je utvrđeno da je u uslovima bez optimizacije strukture setve poslovanje gazdinstva ekonomično samo ako se koriste subvencije. Sa druge strane, ukoliko se primenjuje optimalna setvena struktura poslovanje je ekonomično i bez subvencija, osim u slučaju maksimalno pretpostavljenih cena goriva. U radu je analiziran i koeficijent ekonomičnosti u proizvodnji kukuruza (kao najvažnijeg useva u strukturi setve porodičnog gazdinstva) za različite prinose i cene kukuruza, pri pretpostavljenom rastu cena dizel goriva.

Bearing in mind the increasing price of diesel fuel, it is necessary to determine its effect on the production of family farms as main factors of agricultural production in Serbia. First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the farms specializing in crop production because the price of diesel fuel has the biggest influence on economic effects of their production. In order to achieve this goal, the model of a family crop farm was used in this paper. This model was used to determine how the change of diesel fuel market price influences the change of efficiency ratio of the total farm production. Calculations were made for production with subsidies and without them, as well as for two initial presumptions - when the sowing structure of farm was not optimized and when it was. Besides forming models and optimization of production structure, method of sensitive analysis was also used in the paper, starting with a premise that market price of fuel fluctuates in the interval reflecting changes that occur in practice. It was determined by analysis that without optimization of the sowing structure, family farm businesses were economically efficient only with government subsidies. On the other hand, on condition that optimal sowing structure was used, production is economically efficient even without subsidies, except for the case with maximized presupposed fuel price. Ratio of economical efficiency in corn production (as the most important crop in the sowing structure of a family farm) for different yields and corn price with presupposed increase of fuel price was also analyzed in the paper. ; Imajući u vidu trend rasta cena dizel goriva, neophodno je utvrditi na koji način će se to odraziti na poslovanje porodičnih poljoprivrednih gazdinstava, kao nosilaca poljoprivredne proizvodnje u Srbiji. U prvom redu, pažnju je neophodno usmeriti na gazdinstva koja su specijalizovana za ratarsku proizvodnju, pošto je kod njih prisutan najveći uticaj cena dizel goriva na ekonomske efekte poslovanja. Da bi se ovaj cilj ostvario u radu je korišćen model porodičnog gazdinstva ratarskog tipa. Na ovom modelu je utvrđeno kako promena nabavne cene dizel goriva utiče na promenu koeficijenta ekonomičnosti poslovanja čitavog gazdinstva. Proračuni su izvedeni za uslove sa i bez subvencija, kao i za dve polazne pretpostavke - kada struktura setve gazdinstva nije optimalna, kao i kada je urađena optimizacija. U radu je pored formiranja modela i optimizacije proizvodne strukture korišćena i metoda senzitivne analize, pri čemu se pošlo od pretpostavke da nabavna cena pogonskog goriva varira u intervalu koji odražava promene do kojih dolazi u praksi. Analizom je utvrđeno da je u uslovima bez optimizacije strukture setve poslovanje gazdinstva ekonomično samo ako se koriste subvencije. Sa druge strane, ukoliko se primenjuje optimalna setvena struktura poslovanje je ekonomično i bez subvencija, osim u slučaju maksimalno pretpostavljenih cena goriva. U radu je analiziran i koeficijent ekonomičnosti u proizvodnji kukuruza (kao najvažnijeg useva u strukturi setve porodičnog gazdinstva) za različite prinose i cene kukuruza, pri pretpostavljenom rastu cena dizel goriva.