Suchergebnisse

The rapid development of digital technologies and their active implementation in all spheres of the economy, on the one hand, contribute to increased control over the activities of economic entities, and on the other hand, create new challenges associated with the dynamic development of cybercrime. The purpose of the article is to analyze the global trends in cybercrime in 2016-2023 (by calculating national levels of cybercrime) and to model the mechanisms of combating it in order to form a global, open and safe cyberspace, protect the population from cyber threats and cyber fraud, increase the effectiveness of financial monitoring procedures and control over transactions in cyberspace. The article presents the dominant directions, evolutionary, temporal and spatial patterns of the development of crime in cyberspace, clustering of the countries, and identification of leaders and outsiders in the field of cybercrime (through visualization density maps based on the construction of self-organized Kohonen maps). The results of the calculations confirm a significant increase in the level of cybercrime in the world since 2016 (in particular, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and active digital transformation). A comparative analysis of the indicator across countries made it possible to distinguish those with the highest rates of cybercrime (Slovenia, Iceland, Moldova, Georgia) and those with a significantly higher level of cyber security (Greece, Belgium, France, Germany).

The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between a country's macroeconomic stability and the level of transparency and public trust in the financial sector and public authorities. Canonical analysis and structural modeling served as methodological tools of the research. The study examined the data from eight EU countries (Austria, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Czech Republic, and Italy) over the 2011-2021period. Eight indicators of public sector transparency and one indicator of the degree of public trust (Consumer Sentiment Index) were chosen to establish the relationship between the components. The results of structural modeling proved that public trust has a much greater impact on macroeconomic stability than indicators of public sector transparency. A 1-point increase in public trust leads the GDP to increase by 0.018% and the stability of the currency exchange rate – by 0.352%. Meanwhile the same effect from a 1-point increase in the level of public sector transparency amounts to 0.061% and 0.021% increases, respectively.

The article examines the relationship between the size of the shadow economy and indicators of the investment market development. Net inflow of foreign direct investments, volume of net investments in non-financial assets, volumes of portfolio investments, and net outflow of foreign direct investment were used as parameters characterizing the development of the investment market. The dependence between the indicators was analyzed using the regression equation, Shapiro-Wilk test. Research results demonstrate that the increase in the inflow and outflow of foreign direct investments leads to an increase in the size of the shadow economy without a time lag in Ukraine, Poland, Slovenia, Romania, Croatia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and with a time lag of 1 year in Slovakia and Hungary. The largest impact on the size of the shadow economy is made by the volume of inflow and outflow of direct foreign investments, while the volume of portfolio investments has a less significant effect. Consequently, it was concluded that the processes of inflow and outflow of direct foreign investments require enhanced control by specialized state executive bodies given the scale of their potential destabilizing impact on the macroeconomic stability of the country.

The article deals with the study of the ability of cash to be a multifunctional instrument of economic policy, propaganda and legalization of proceeds of crime. Based on the cash analysis of the Republic of Belarus, Georgia and Ukraine, the most common signs and images that increase the confidence of the population and form convictions about the stability of the currency have been identified. Cash has been found to be an instrument for promoting national history and achievements of the country for a long time, considerable territory and one-sided influence. The efficiency of using cash to reliably convey information and maximize its absorption by the population has been proved. The reasons, features and consequences of using cash as a tool for money laundering were investigated. The effect of the volume of cash in circulation on the level of the shadow economy on the example of different countries has been estimated. In the article, the authors argue that money is a useful tool for propaganda. They are a significant source of information about a particular country. Money can be used by the authorities of a particular country to create the necessary political narratives. This tool has a long period of influence, which is purposeful. The authors note that it is necessary to take into account inflation in the country in order to understand how long the population will use a particular denomination of money. The authors concluded that there is a different relationship between the level of shadowing of the economy and indicators of the state of money circulation. For most indicators, this relationship was linear. Calculations showed the absence of an asymmetric relationship between the indicators. For some countries (Belarus, Bulgaria, Georgia, Switzerland, Japan), the calculations showed a nonlinear relationship between the level of shadowing of the economy and the functioning of the domestic foreign exchange market.

The formation of the country's tax competitiveness and countering the shadowing of the economy depend on several factors. One of them is an effective public administration. It defines state policy vectors, institutions' critical tasks, and business and society development priorities. The aim of the paper is to analyze the impact of good governance on the country's tax competitiveness and the level of the shadow economy of 11 EU countries and Ukraine in 2011–2021. The study employs statistical analysis of data series. It constructs a correlation field of points of relationship between indicators (to determine the general trends of changes in the level of the shadow economy, tax competitiveness, and the Good Governance Index). Linear mathematical model and Fishburn formula are used to construct an integral indicator of the level of efficiency of public management (Good Governance Index). Structural modeling methods formalize the influence of government management on the level of the shadow economy and tax competitiveness. It was found that the Government Efficiency Index and the Corruption Control Index exert the most significant correlation with the level of tax competitiveness and the shadow economy. Its increase of 1% leads to a rise in the level of tax competitiveness of Slovakia by 7.015%, Croatia by 6.889%, the Czech Republic by 6.606%, and Romania by 5.773%. At the same time, the smallest correlation with the level of tax competitiveness performs an Index of Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism.
AcknowledgmentThe study is funded by the project VEGA – 1/0392/23 "Changes in the approach to the creation of companies' distribution management concepts influenced by the effects of social and economic crises caused by the global pandemic and increased security risks."The authors are grateful to the participants of projects 0123U101945 and 0122U000777 for numerous discussions and comments.