Suchergebnisse

Examines the pervasiveness & income revenues of informal self-employment among recent immigrants from Mexico to Chicago, IL, to (1) assess the limitations of conventional labor force indicators for portraying the extent of immigrants' labor force activity, (2) document the share of household income produced outside the formal labor market, & (3) illustrate the importance of assessing immigrants' economic well-being using households rather than individuals as analytic units. Data from a random household survey (N = 330 usable responses) conducted in a Mexican-immigrant neighborhood are used to examine economic activity & income sources. Vignettes illustrate the income-packaging strategies of unskilled immigrant families, including the nature of informal activity. Findings show that, once multiple job holding is taken into account, labor force participation rates of women increased from 43% to 53% for all working-age women, & from 45% to 56% for the female respondent subsample (mainly household heads or spouses). For families involved in the informal economy (14% of sampled households), economic activity reduced earnings poverty by 9%. It is concluded that conventional census measures of labor force activity cannot reveal the full extent of immigrants' economic activity. Promising directions for further research are outlined. 3 Tables, 32 References. Adapted from the source document.

THIS ARTICLE PLACES THE GROWTH OF AN URBAN UNDERCLASS IN THE BROADER CONTEXT OF TRENDS IN INEQUALITY AND THE STRATIFICATION OF PLACE IN GLOBAL CITIES. USING CHICAGO AS A CASE STUDY, THE AUTHORS CONSTRUCT A MULTIDIMENSIONAL TYPOLOGY OF URBAN NEIGHBORHOODS TO ILLUMINATE TRENDS IN THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF OPPORTUNITY, THE IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION ON THE CITY'S ECOLOGY STRUCTURE, AND MODAL PATTERNS OF NEIGHBORHOOD CHANGE. THEIR EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS DOCUMENTS (1) THE INCREASING SPATIAL POLARIZATION OF CHICAGO'S NEIGHBORHOODS, FUELED BY A CONCENTRATION OF BOTH AFFLUENCE AND SOCIOECONOMIC DISADVANTAGE; (2) THE EROSION OF WORKING-CLASS AREAS AS AN ECOLOGICAL CATEGORY; (3) THE EMERGENCE OF HISPANIC NEIGHBORHOODS AS A DISTINCT ECOLOGICAL TYPE; AND 94) THE EXISTENCE OF RACE-SPECIFIC PATTERNS OF NEIGHBORHOOD UPGRADING. THESE TRENDS HAVE BROADER IMPLICATIONS FOR STUDY OF SPATIAL INEQUALITY IN ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL CITIES.

The educational performance of native-born, first- & second-generation black, Hispanic, Asian, & non-Hispanic white youth was examined through analysis of data from the first wave (1988) of the National Education Longitudinal Study on 24,599 students from 1,052 randomly selected, US schools. The cohort was followed from eighth through twelfth grade. Behaviorial differences between immigrant & native parents were essential factors in explaining differential educational performance of immigrant & native youth. The relationship between generational status & educational performance varied by race & ethnicity. Parental nativity was most crucial for Asians, while child's birthplace was most crucial for blacks. Results offer support for accommodation-without-assimilation & immigrant optimism explanations of the generational status & scholastic performance, of immigrants, little support for straight-line assimilation explanations. 4 Tables, 25 References. Adapted from the source document.

Data from the National Survey of Families and Household are used to examine the influence of adolescent childbearng and marriage on the likelihood of high school completion among a cohort of women aged 20 to 29 in 1987. Use of event history techniques reveals striking differences by ethnicity. Adolescent childbearing had much stronger deleterious effects for Latinas than for white or especially black teens. (Abstract amended)

Der Artikel analysiert Beschäftigung und Einkommen rechtlich anerkannter Einwanderer in den USA. Verglichen mit allen anderen Ausländern zeigen sich bezüglich der anerkannten Einwanderer vier bedeutende Unterschiede: 1.) eine jüngere Altersstruktur; 2.) eine weniger ausgeglichene Geschlechterverteilung; 3.) eine größere Anzahl von Lateinamerikanern und 4.) eine kurze Aufenthaltsdauer in den USA. Die Erwerbsquote liegt bei Männern 5Prozent und bei Frauen 17Prozent über der der übrigen Ausländer. Anerkannte Einwanderer verdienen ca 30Prozent mehr als ihre "unbeurkundeten" Landsleute. (IAB)