Suchergebnisse

Suggests that to allow themselves to continue in a traditional lifestyle, the Indians have had to maintain a degree of isolation from the dominant society. In doing so they follow somewhat the pattern of other peoples in the world whom the author has called cultural isolationists. Argues that in a country like Canada, where the idea of cultural pluralism plays an important role in national policy, it can best be judged if the country respects the cultural isolationists. If cultural pluralism is an important aspect of democratic governance in a country, then it is strengthened and made more secure by its manifestations on the edges of majoritarian society. (Original abstract - amended)

Organ donation after a circulatory determination of death is possible in selected patients where consent is given to support donation and the patient has been legally declared dead by two doctors. The National Health Act (61 of 2003) and regulations provide strict controls for the certification of death and the donation of organs and tissues after death. Although the National Health Act expressly recognises that brain death is death, it does not prescribe the medical standards of testing for the determination of brain death (neurological determination of death), circulatory death (circulatory determination of death) or for determination of death based on somatic criteria. However, in all cases of organ donation, including after circulatory death, the National Health Act mandates that two doctors certify the death, with one doctor possessing more than 5 years of experience. Additionally, both doctors must be independent from the transplant team. The standard for such determination, as for brain death, aligns with accepted medical standards. The Critical Care Society of Southern Africa has published South African (SA) Guidelines on Death Determination that outline rigorous standards for death determination in hospital settings by either a neurological or circulatory method. Legislation and the Health Professions Council of SA's (HPCSA) professional guidance direct clinicians on obtaining informed consent for donation either from the patient or in cases of incapacity from their surrogate decision maker. Collectively, the legislation, regulations and professional guidelines in SA provide a robust ethical framework that supports organ donation after circulatory death.

Measurement of Food Preferences -- Editor's page -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contributors -- Contents -- 1 A measurement scheme for developing institutional products * -- 2 Appropriateness as a measure of the cognitive-contextual aspects of food acceptance -- 3 The repertory grid approach -- 4 Focus group interviewing -- 5 Product optimization: approaches and applications -- 6 Preference mapping in practice -- 7 An individualised psychological approach to measuring influences on consumer preferences -- 8 Modelling food choice -- 9 Nutritional influences on mood and cognitive performance: their measurement and relevance to food acceptance -- 10 Consumer expectations and their role in food acceptance -- Index.

3504 3506 37 17 ; S ; This paper was published in OPTICS LETTERS and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.37.003504. Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law [EN] In this Letter, we demonstrate a highly efficient, compact, high-contrast and low-loss silicon slow wave modulator based on a traveling-wave Mach¿Zehnder interferometer with two 500 μm long slow wave phase shifters. 40 Gb ∕ s operation with 6.6 dB extinction ratio at quadrature and with an on-chip insertion loss of only 6 dB is shown. These results confirm the benefits of slow light as a means to enhance the performance of silicon modulators based on the plasma dispersion effect. Funding by the European Commission (EC) under project Photonics Electronics Functional Integration on CMOS (HELIOS) (FP7224312) and PROMETEO-2010- 087 R&D Excellency Program are acknowledged. F.Y.G, D.J.T. and G.T.R. acknowledge funding support from the United Kingdom Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under the grant "UK Silicon Photonics". Brimont, ACJ.; Thomson, DJ.; Gardes, FY.; Fedeli, JM.; Reed, GT.; Martí Sendra, J.; Sanchis Kilders, P. (2012). High-contrast 40 Gb/s operation of a 500 um long silicon carrier-depletion slow wave modulator. Optics Letters. 37(17):3504-3506. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.37.003504 Liao, L., Liu, A., Rubin, D., Basak, J., Chetrit, Y., Nguyen, H., … Paniccia, M. (2007). 40 Gbit/s silicon optical modulator for high-speed applications. Electronics Letters, 43(22), 1196. doi:10.1049/el:20072253 Gardes, F. Y., Thomson, D. J., Emerson, N. G., & Reed, G. T. (2011). 40 Gb/s silicon photonics modulator for TE and TM polarisations. Optics Express, 19(12), 11804. doi:10.1364/oe.19.011804 Thomson, D. J., Gardes, F. Y., Hu, Y., Mashanovich, G., Fournier, M., Grosse, P., … Reed, G. T. ...

1721 1723 37 10 ; S ; This paper was published in OPTICS LETTERS and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.37.001721. Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law [EN] We describe and demonstrate experimentally a method for photonic mixing of microwave signals by using a silicon electro-optical Mach¿Zehnder modulator enhanced via slow-light propagation. Slow light with a group index of ~11, achieved in a one-dimensional periodic structure, is exploited to improve the upconversion performance of an input frequency signal from 1 to 10.25 GHz. A minimum transmission point is used to successfully demonstrate the upconversion with very low conversion losses of ~7¿¿dB and excellent quality of the received I/Q modulated QPSK signal with an optimum EVM of ~8%. Financial support from FP7-224312 HELIOS project and Generalitat Valenciana under PROMETEO-2010-087 R&D Excellency Program (NANOMET) are acknowledged. F. Y.Gardes, D. J. Thomson, and G. T. Reed are supported by funding received from the UK EPSRC funding body under the grant "UK Silicon Photonics." The author A. M. Gutiérrez thanks D. Marpaung for his useful help. Gutiérrez Campo, AM.; Brimont, ACJ.; Herrera Llorente, J.; Aamer, M.; Martí Sendra, J.; Thomson, DJ.; Gardes, FY. (2012). Silicon slow-light-based photonic mixer for microwave-frequencyconversion applications. Optics Letters. 37(10):1721-1723. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.37.001721

Introduction Food hypersensitivity (FHS), including food allergy, coeliac disease and food intolerance, is a major public health issue. The Food Standards Agency (FSA), an independent UK Government department working to protect public health and consumers' wider interests in food, sought to identify research priorities in the area of FHS. Methods A priority setting exercise was undertaken, using a methodology adapted from the James Lind Alliance—the first such exercise with respect to food hypersensitivity. A UK-wide public consultation was held to identify unanswered research questions. After excluding diagnostics, desensitization treatment and other questions which were out of scope for FSA or where FSA was already commissioning research, 15 indicative questions were identified and prioritized by a range of stakeholders, representing food businesses, patient groups, health care and academia, local authorities and the FSA. Results 295 responses were received during the public consultation, which were categorized into 70 sub-questions and used to define 15 key evidence uncertainties ('indicative questions') for prioritization. Using the JLA prioritization framework, this resulted in 10 priority uncertainties in evidence, from which 16 research questions were developed. These could be summarized under the following 5 themes: communication of allergens both within the food supply chain and then to the end consumer (ensuring trust in allergen communication); the impact of socio-economic factors on consumers with FHS; drivers of severe reactions; mechanism(s) underlying loss of tolerance in FHS; and the risks posed by novel allergens/processing. Discussion In this first research prioritization exercise for food allergy and FHS, key priorities identified to protect the food-allergic public were strategies to help allergic consumers to make confident food choices, prevention of FHS and increasing understanding of socio-economic impacts. Diagnosis and treatment of FHS was not considered in this prioritization.