Suchergebnisse

Economic development of Myanmar -- Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1: Chronology of Developments in the Political Economy of Myanmar: An Overview -- Chapter 2: Parliamentary Democracy Period: 1948–62 -- Chapter 3: Socialist Period under Military Rule, 1962–88: Macroeconomic and External Sector Performance -- Chapter 4: Socialist Period under Military Rule, 1962–88: Sectoral and Social Developments -- Chapter 5: Market-Oriented Period under Military Rule since 1988: Macroeconomic and External Sector Performance -- Chapter 6: Market-Oriented Period under Military Rule, 1988–2000: Sectoral and Social Developments -- Chapter 7: Epilogue -- Appendix -- Bibliography -- Index of Names -- Index of Topics -- About the author.

Health is a key contributor to economic growth, well-being and development in any country. Health contributes to the gross domestic product (GDP) growth through productivity, participation and population. Causality is dependent and correlated, with economic growth increases the financial means available to invest into better and more health care services. Health outcomes can be significantly improved through universal health coverage (UHC). UHC involves three dimensions: population, healthcare and financial coverage. Whether UHC actually exists in any country is a contested topic, as no country appears to have coverage for its entire population across all diseases. In addition, countries differ in their approach in implementing UHC. For example, some have social insurance schemes while others rely on private health insurance; some pay their providers through fee-for-service schemes while others pay through capitation payment. Yet, some countries achieve UHC in low and middle income setting and some countries do not - even with high income levels. Evidence shows that the factors which contribute to a workable UHC are those countries which pay close attention to their country's sociocultural needs, alongside a strong political commitment. This in turn strengthens their health care system. As a result, prospects for economic growth are favourable. There is no single blueprint for any country to follow as UHC depends on sociocultural contexts and government policies. Hence, this paper explores the key criteria for a country to initiate UHC. Myanmar is the key case study in this paper. By conducting a comparative analysis on UHC in Thailand and Korea, this paper seeks to address the political commitment; financial arrangement; coverage expansion and benefit package choices the Myanmar government must consider in order to implement UHC. While this is an ambitious health policy for the Myanmar government to implement, failing to consider such a policy will not only lead to further impoverishment for the population, but also negatively impact the national economy.

ABSTRACT
Ancient discourses on utopia range from nostalgic evocations of a peaceful Golden Age to the forward-looking projects of a well-ordered society free of internal violence. It is this second perspective that connects to the issue of how to maintain the fragile equilibrium between war and civil war. The idea of using the former as a remedy against the latter is present in the blueprint of the just city whose hypothetical generation is depicted in Plato's Republic. Reading Plato with Thucydides enables us to see how both the diagnosis of civil strife's causes and the (impossibly utopian) remedy connect to a certain underlying conception of man. Not unlike Platonic utopia, conceived as an artificial remedy to natural inner conflicts, some Hellenistic and Greco-Roman philosophies of peace share in the vision of an ever-expanding "circle" of the city. However, their understanding of human nature is different, and despite some complicity between cosmopolitanism and imperialism, they are more optimistic in considering the perfectible community not as an imposed artificial structure of justice but as a structure whose germ is naturally present in our individual constitution.

This paper introduces the increasing use of share buybacks in western countries with different motivations especially on the part of top management. After exploring the impact of share buybacks on earnings per share and cash, the paper critically examines if it is really a payout in order to return money to shareholders as claimed by some companies. In many cases, there are some traces of management's hidden motivation to use share buyback to their interest rather than the interest of minority shareholders, because most of the decisions are flexible giving choice to management. Finally, the paper suggests shareholders and investors to be careful in making share buyback decisions, and recommends regulatory authorities to be alert and protect the shareholders by tightening their legislation and regulations.