Suchergebnisse

Results of a 1984 survey of business and government elites in Canada showed that the business elite perceived business‐government relations to be fair, to have deteriorated over the past ten years and to be worse than those in the United States. The government elite, on the other hand, perceived relations with business to be good, to have remained about the same or to have become better, but also to be worse than those in the United States. More strikingly, the survey produced evidence that personal values, attitudes, beliefs and perceptions correlated positively with elite perceptions of business‐government relations. This supported the hypothesis that subjective interpretations of reality can affect significantly the outcome of business‐government interactive/consultative processes. It is recommended that to improve relations in Canada, various mechanisms of interaction be employed to promote and facilitate a better understanding by the two elites of each other's personal values, attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions. Political will, though, is a major prerequisite to closing this perceptual gap.RésuméLes résultats d'une étude effectuée en 1984 auprès de l'élite commercial? et gouvernementale au Canada a démontré que l'élite commerciale croyait que les relations entre le gouvernement et le milieu des affaires étaient assez bonnes, qu'elles s'étaient détériorées au cours des dix dernières années et qu'elles étaient moins bonnes qu'aux Etats‐Unis. L'élite gouvernementale, quant à elle, percevait ses relations avec le milieu des affaires comme bonnes, qu'elles étaient demeurées sensiblement pareilles ou étaient même devenues meilleures, mais qu'elles étaient moins bonnes qu'aux Etats Unis. L'étude démontrait, remarquablement, que les valeurs, les attitudes, les convictions et perceptions individuelles correspondaient positivement aux perceptions de l'élite quant aux relations entre le milieu des affaires et le gouvernement. Ces résultats out soutenu l'hypothèse selon laquelle les interprétations subjectives de la réalité peuvent affecter de facon significative le dénouement des processus d'interaction et de consultation entre le gouvernement et le milieu des affaires. Afin d'ainéliorer les relations au Canada, l'étude recoinmande l'einploi de plusieurs mécanismes d'interaction afin de pioinouvoir et faciliter une meilleure compréhension entre les deux élites quant à leurs valeurs, attitudes, convictions et perceptions individuelles. La volonté politique constitue cependant une condition importante pour conibler ce fossé perceptuel.

AbstractAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is one of the greatest threats to public health today. No cure or vaccine is known, and the only effective strategy identified so far to combat the spread of AIDS is Prevention. Prevention requires changes in behavior which in turn require public education. Borrowing from the administrative sciences, the principles of social marketing are introduced as a model for behaviour modification through information dissemination. Two separate public education campaigns are measured against this model: the Ontario Ministry of Health's campaign and the AIDS Committee of Toronto's campaign. Potential effects and shortcomings of each campaign are identified, and recommendations are made to improve the public education component of the war against AIDS.RésuméLe syndrome d'immuno‐déficience acquise (SIDA) représente aujourd'hui l'une des plus grandes menaces pour la santé publique. Il n'existe ni remède ni vaccin; la senle seule stratégie efficace élaborée jusqu'a ce jour pour lutter contre la propagation de la maladie est la prévention. La prévention nécessite des changements de comportement qui, à leur tour, exge une éducation populaire. Empruntant les principes de marketing social aux sciences administratives, notre étude les présente comme modèle de changement de comportement entraǐnés par la diffusion de l'information. Elle mesure, par rapport à ce modèle, deux campagnes d'èducation populaire distinctes: la compagne du ministère ontarien de la Santé et la campagne du AIDS Committee de Toronto. Elle détermine de plus l'impact et les lacunes potentielles de chaque campagne et apporte des recommandations visant è améliorer les programmes d'éducation populaire pour la lutte contre le SIDA.

This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of a smoking cessation workshop on physician practices and on patients' smoking behavior. Eighty-three community family physicians were randomly allocated by practice to either 1) a Usual Care condition, 2) a group in which physicians were not trained but were asked to address smoking cessation with specific patients, or 3) a condition which included physician training as well as printed resources and in which specific patients were identified as smokers. The intervention taught to the physicians through a four hour training workshop included providing advice about stopping smoking, the setting of a date for stopping, the offer of nicotine gum, take-home materials, and the offer of follow-up visits. The intervention was described, demonstrated, and the physicians practiced with simulated patients. The outcome of the intervention was assessed in terms of physician behavior and patient smoking behavior. Exit interviews with patients demonstrated that patients of trained physicians did not differ from patients of untrained physicians on how willing they were to try to stop smoking nor on their receptiveness to nicotine gum. However, there was a small but statistically significant difference favoring the patients from the trained physician group who successfully stopped smoking.