Suchergebnisse

In May 2017, Jokowi's administration announced the intention to dissolve Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI). HTI is an Islamic organization that aspires to establish caliphate government based on the claim of Islamic teaching. The Government considers HTI as a threat to Pancasila. The announcement has created controversy. It has divided Indonesian into pro and contra camp. The dissolution pro camp argues HTI ideology is against Pancasila, Indonesia political ideology. Furthermore, they pointed out HTI's idea of Caliphate that based on religion would disintegrate the nation. Conversely, the cons argues the government move is against the constitutionally guarantee freedom of association as stipulates in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (hereafter the 1945 Constitution). The move would create precedent that threatens freedom of assembly if the government failed to enact due process procedure and provide justifiable reason for the action. This controversy is not new to human rights and democratic discourse. Karl Popper describes the debate as a paradox of tolerance, democracy, and freedom in an open society. This paper examines how the 1945 Constitution can be utilized to resolve the paradox. This paper argues that Article 28 J par.2 of the 1945 Constitution requires the balance between human rights protection and limitation in its proportion. Thus, the limitation clause should be used as a parameter to solve HTI issue. This paper explores the use of proportionality test in interpreting the limitation clause and applies it not only to the question of HTI issue but also broader issues to evaluate recent government moves in amending the Law Number 17 Year 2013 on Societal Organisation. This paper employs a doctrinal method in its analysis.

ABSTRAK Sejak diberlakukannya Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Pemerintah Republik Indonesia telah melakukan upaya-upaya perlindungan lingkungan hidup secara represif melalui mekanisme gugatan perdata, khususnya terhadap kerusakan dan Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan (Karhutla). Dalam kurun waktu 2009-2019, tercatat terdapat 15 perkara yang diajukan oleh pemerintah ke pengadilan. Upaya pemerintah tersebut telah menghasilkan putusan yang mewajibkan perusahaan untuk membayar sejumlah ganti kerugian dengan nilai yang signifikan. Tulisan ini melakukan analisis terhadap perspesi hakim terkait dengan valuasi kerusakan lingkungan hidup. Analisis dilakukan untuk melihat persoalan-persoalan hukum yang diperdebatkan di dalam perkara putusan tersebut, dan bagaimana hakim di dalam putusannya menyelesaikan persoalan hukum tersebut. Dengan menggunakan metode empiris normatif dalam melakukan analisa terhadap putusan dari perkara tersebut, tulisan ini menemukan 2 (dua) persoalan hukum, yakni: penerapan prinsip tanggung jawab mutlak dan perhitungan kerugian kerusakan lingkungan hidup. Kata kunci: gugat perdata lingkungan; kebakaran hutan dan lahan; kerusakan lingkungan hidup; valuasi kerugian lingkungan hidup. ABSTRACT Since the enactment of Law Number 32 Year 2009 on Protection and Management of the Environment. The Indonesian Government has conducted a series of repressive measure to protect environment through civil litigation against polluters. The majority of litigation process have been done against polluters who caused damages to the forest and land ecosystem. Between 2009-2019, the government sued 15 companies to the civil court. The government effort resulted in substantial amount of damage award for the government. The analysis focuses on the legal issues in application of damage valuation applied by judges in those decisions. The analysis employs empirical approach to analyses the court decisions, and found two legal issues on the application, namely, the application of ...