Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Author -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 What Is Economic Psychology? The Perspective of Economic Psychology and the Research Framework -- 1.1 Economic Behavior as a Subject of Economic Psychology and Related Academic Societies -- 1.1.1 Economic Behavior -- 1.1.2 Academic Societies Related to Economic Psychology -- 1.2 The Perspective of Economic Psychology -- 1.2.1 Micro and Macro in Economic Psychology -- 1.2.2 Process and Consequences -- 1.2.3 Explanation by Natural Language and Mathematical Explanation -- 1.2.4 Qualitative Analysis and Quantitative Analysis -- 1.2.5 Abstraction and Materialization of Economic Behavior -- 1.3 The Goal of Economic Psychology and Its Approach -- 1.3.1 Elucidation of Economic Phenomena and Relationship with Behavioral Economics -- 1.3.2 Marketing -- 1.3.3 Public Policy for Consumers -- 1.3.4 Elucidation of Decision Making in Economic Behavior -- 1.4 Theoretical Framework of Economic Behavior Research -- 1.4.1 Hermeneutic Paradigm -- 1.4.2 Utility Theory Paradigm -- 1.4.3 Psychoanalytic Paradigm -- 1.4.4 Macroeconomic Psychology Paradigm -- 1.4.5 Sociopsychological Paradigm -- 1.4.6 Behavioral Decision Theory Paradigm -- 1.4.7 Behavioral Economics Paradigm -- References -- 2 Rational Choice and Revealed Preference: Theoretical Representation of Preference Relations Leading to the Best Choice -- 2.1 Framework to Describe Decision Making -- 2.1.1 Relationship Recognition and Set Theory -- 2.1.2 Ordering and Comparative Judgment -- 2.1.3 Various Forms of Comparative Judgments -- 2.2 Best Option and Selection Function -- 2.2.1 Best Option -- 2.2.2 Conditions for Guaranteeing Preference Relations and the Best Option -- 2.3 Criteria of Rationality and Weak Order -- 2.3.1 Two Criteria of Rationality -- 2.3.2 Rational Choice and Weak Order.

This book explains behavioral decision theories related to decision-making processes, introducing established as well as new models useful in explaining such processes, and concluding with a discussion of emerging theories in fields such as neuroeconomics.

The present study examined the influence of information search constraints both on the information search pattern and on the perceived inner states during the decision making process. We arranged the following three information search constraints con-ditions: (1) An upper-limited-search (UL) condition in which a decision maker could not examine the same piece of information for the decision task more than once, (2) A lower-limited-search (LL) condition in which a decision maker had to examine every piece of information for the decision task more than once, and (3) A non-limited-search (NL) condition in which a decision maker could examine any number of information. Participants consisted of 76 female and male university students, which were randomly assigned into one out of three conditions. In line with the simplifying and the mobilizing hypotheses, the participants in the UL condition more often used non-compensatory simplifying decision strategies and more slowly checked for information than partici-pants in the LL and NL conditions.

In an experiment, it was found that information acquisition format of the presented information affected both the nature of the preferences as well as the duration of depth of search and response latency. It was also found that participants attended more to negative than to positive information independent of whether their task was to select or reject alternatives. Finally, it was revealed that accountability lead participants to attend more to the information than if they were not accountable.

In the present study it was shown that both decision heuristics and social value orientation play important roles in the building of preferences. This was revealed in decision tasks in which participants were deciding about candidates for a job position. An eye-tracking equipment was applied in order to register participants' information acquisition. It was revealed that participants performing well on a series of heuristics tasks (availability, representativeness, anchoríng & adjustment, and attribution) including a confidence judgment also behaved more accurately than low performers in the fulfillment of the preference tasks. It was also established that the high performers were not as influenced by whether uncertainty was presented in terms of probabilities or in terms of frequencies as was the low performers. With regard to social value orientation the results revealed that decision processing differences were more systematic between cooperators and competitors than between cooperators and individualists. Also, the cooperators did not seem to attend more to proenvironmental goals than to profit goals in the evaluation of the candidates. Finally, it was shown that accountable cooperators invested more time in their decisions than those that were not accountable, and that no such difference was observed between accountable and not accountable competitors or individualists.

This article evaluates the effects of two types of rewards (performance-contingent versus engagement-contingent) on self-regulation, intrinsic motivation and creativity. Forty-two under-graduate students were randomly assigned to three conditions; i.e. a performance-contingent reward group, an engagement-contingent reward group and a control group. Results provide little support for the negative effects of performance rewards on motivational components. However, they do indicate that participants in the engagement-contingent reward group and the control group achieved higher rated creativity than participants in the performance-contingent reward group. Alternative explanations for this finding are discussed.