Suchergebnisse

Sociology has not developed a clear and standard approach to assess the influence of cinema on social representations of heroism, hence the paper identifies some necessary conceptual and methodological steps in this direction. First, the authors consider different interpretations of 'heroism', techniques of its empirical study, and methods to analyze the perception of movies. Second, the article displays the results of the pilot study of social representations of heroism, including those formed under the influence of movies. The qualitative content analysis of four groups of Russian films revealed the distribution of types of heroes according to the authors' classification. The survey based on the unfinished sentences technique has allowed to assess the perception of movie heroes by two groups (parent and children generations). The survey has shown that the interpretations of real-life heroism in two groups are similar while the movie heroes differ: adults prefer military heroism, and children believe that heroes are to fight their internal fears and inspire others to overcome life difficulties ; В социологии не разработан четкий и стандартный алгоритм оценки вли-яния кинематографа на представления людей о героизме, и в статье обозначены не-обходимые для этого концептуальные и методические поиски. В первой части статьи авторы приводят различные подходы к трактовке понятия «героизм», варианты эм-пирических исследований по тематике героизма и используемые для анализа зри-тельского восприятия методические решения. Во второй части статьи представлены результаты разведывательного исследования, призванного показать некоторые ме-тодические возможности социологии в изучении социальных представлений о геро-изме, в том числе, формируемых под влиянием кинематографа. Был проведен неча-стотный контент-анализ четырех групп российских кинофильмов, чтобы выявить до-минирующие в них типы героев согласно авторской классификации; и опрос, чтобы оценить восприятие образа киногероя у представителей разных возрастных групп (условного родительского и детского поколений) с помощью метода неоконченных предложений. Результаты опроса показали, что трактовки реального жизненного ге-роизма у двух групп в целом совпадают, но различаются киногерои: взрослые отда-ют предпочтение образцам военного героизма, а дети чаще называют героями и тех, кто борется с внутренними страхами и вдохновляет зрителей на преодоление жиз-ненных трудностей

The article presents the results of the comparative study of the neighboring countries' images in the perception of the Russian student youth. In the first part of the article, the authors emphasize the importance of public opinion as one of the key social institutions in the contemporary society though it is often manipulated by state and political organizations to ensure the public support of ambiguous decisions. There are two basic mechanisms to form social representations including the images of different countries in public opinion: spontaneous and purposeful (when officials and media use special techniques to create an image of either a dangerous enemy or the best geopolitical friend). Today in Russia the former seems to dominate for except the key geopolitical powers other countries seem to attract the state attention rather sporadically, which is supported by general political indifference, wide dissemination of information technologies, and freedom of travels all over the world, etc. The second part of the article focuses on the methodological consequences of thus developing images in the Russian public opinion. The authors explain the thematic structure and techniques of the questionnaire developed for the study of the images of China, Kazakhstan and Serbia in the Russian student youth' worldview, which were applied in the sociological survey of 2010-2011 in the project supported by the Russian Foundation for Humanities, and then again in 2016 for the comparative analysis. The last part of the article presents the results of these surveys in the comparative perspective and focuses on a few indicators to reconstruct the persistent stereotypic elements of the neighboring countries' images in the student youth worldview though there are some changes that are difficult to interpret. © N.P. Narbut, I.V. Trotsuk, 2017.

The article presents the results of a three-year study conducted by the Sociology Chair of the RUDN University in cooperation with foreign colleagues to compare the worldview priorities of the today's student youth. Due to the article size limitations the authors divided the data into two parts: in the first part, they focus on the identification of the values that serve as reference points specifying the social action limits and criteria for assessing events and situations. The data does not allow for broad generalizations due to the non-equivalence of the questionnaires used in three countries, but points to a number of characteristics that make the Russian youth look more similar to their Czech or Kazakhstan peers than to themselves a decade ago. Such a conclusion is based on the analysis conducted according to the thematic structure of the questionnaire. Thus, the article presents the educational values of students (pragmatic-instrumental perception of the higher education), labor values (a mixture of optimism and pessimism when assessing chances to find a job after graduation, and different attitudes to the combination of study and work), interpersonal interaction features (a high credit of trust in parents, especially in a difficult situation, does not depend on the self-perception and the circle of personal responsibility), political values (the ratio of the lack of political activity and interest in politics, and the level of social trust differ despite the same leaders of national pride), general value priorities (attitudes towards religion, interpretations of the life success and qualities necessary for achieving it, the horizons of planning) and problems (assessing one's generation in terms of actual threats). © N.P. Narbut, I.V. Trotsuk, 2017.

Based on the empirical data of the repeated surveys conducted by the Sociological Laboratory of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, the authors consider the student youth typical answers to quite simple questions on the political interest and awareness as well as on the level of social trust in the most general interpretation of the term. According to the surveys data, since 2007 we cannot identify the students' value orientations as political apathy (which is typical for the Russian media), political unawareness or electoral ignorance. Moreover, the Moscow student youth consider themselves patriots and identify as grounds for their national pride the historical past, natural resources, cultural heritage and sports achievements, though not the development of the economic and social spheres, respect for human rights and freedoms, activities of the public authorities, and general standards of living. The authors believe that such pessimistic evaluation of the situation in the country is connected (if not determined) by the low level of social trust (or high level of social distrust), especially to the public administration and the officials of all kinds in general. The authors conducted an exploratory online opinion poll to reconstruct the social image of the civil servant in the Russian public opinion to explain the low level of social trust in the society and the stable proportion of young respondents claiming that the Russian state represents and defends the interests of the rich and the civil servants. The questionnaire consisted of the questions on the obligatory ethical principles that should be guiding for all state/municipal employees, on the grounds for considering the behavior of civil servants as unethical, on the requirements to the applicants for the public administration positions, on the appropriate ways to deal with cases of unethical behavior in the public administration bodies, on the social image of the civil servant and its determinants, etc. Although the youngest group (18-24-year-olds) proved to be the most optimistic one, it also easily reconstructs the negative image of the civil servant, who does not meet the professional and ethical requirements to this social-professional group, which does not consist of the most intelligent, talented and competent people in the country, not to mention the most honest, conscientious and descent ones.