Suchergebnisse

Employee attrition has been seen as across the industries and retaining talented employees has become a challenge for HR managers. This research focsed how selected four industries differe on factors of attrition .In this research descriptive research design has been used and through non random quota sampling 600 employees from four industries have been interviewd with a structured questionnaire. Thirteen factors came out through factor analysis which is responsible for employee attrition. Telecommunications sector employees feel they are having high job targets and feel unsupportive organization culture.Insurance sector employees feel low perceived value and insecurity for their job, less growth opportunities and have less learning opportunity. IT&ITES sector employees feel they are not provided good compensation and there are high job targets in their job.Banking sector employees there is a role stagnation, stress and office politics in their jobin comparison.

Purpose The aim of the paper is to explore within-firm vertical pay inequality and its relation to firm size and firm performance.Design/methodology/approach Using firm-level microdata for Kazakhstan, the authors measure within-firm pay inequality as the wage differential between the top- and the bottom-level job occupations. The authors carry out their analysis based on panel regression models.Findings The authors find that within-firm pay inequality increases as firms grow. Further, they identify that this trend is mainly driven by top-occupation workers receiving more significant wage increases compared to lower-level workers as firms expand. Once the authors address concerns about endogeneity, they find that pay inequality is negatively associated with firm performance.Practical implications Developing strategies and policies that prioritize fairness and transparency in compensation practices is crucial during the expansion process of firms. By actively discouraging rent-seeking behavior, firms can create a work environment that promotes productivity and sustainability, ultimately leading to improved firm performance. The research findings highlight the importance of implementing context-specific interventions, recognizing that different environments may require tailored approaches to address pay inequality effectively.Originality/value This study contributes to the study of within-firm pay inequality, firm size and performance in an emerging economy, an area that has been largely overlooked in previous empirical research. The contrasting findings show the importance of the structural and industrial characteristics of emerging markets that contribute to broader and deeper impact of pay inequality compared to developed economies.

AbstractThis paper analyzes the granularity hypothesis in a large emerging economy, Kazakhstan. We use a new longitudinal dataset at the firm level and at quarterly frequency between 2012 and 2018 to document the size distribution of firms and to provide evidence that it follows a power law. We find that the largest 30 firms explain nearly 80 percent of the growth in aggregate total factor productivity. This confirms earlier research for the U.S. and other developed countries. However, the granular nature of the Kazakh economy is even more outspoken than in other countries. Thus idiosyncratic shocks and the way they ripple through the production network matter to understand changes in aggregate productivity growth. Moreover, since these granular firms are concentrated in the oil industry it exposes the vulnerability of the economy more to unexpected shocks in one industry in particular.

OBJECTIVES: In 2018, a wheat flour fortification program with iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12 fortificants was established within the government-run Public Distribution System (PDS) in Ambala District, Haryana, India to address micronutrient deficiencies. PDS provides basic food and non-food commodities to the families below poverty level at subsidised prices. This study aims to assess household fortified wheat flour consumption among PDS recipients. METHODS: In 2021, we conducted a household survey and interviewed women aged 18–49 years (WRA) about consumption of wheat flour. A systematic probability sample design was used to select 358 households with WRA from a listing of all household beneficiaries enrolled in PDS who were living in the Naraingarh and Barara communities in Ambala District where the wheat flour fortification program was implemented. We assessed the percentages of households who have received and consumed fortified wheat flour from PDS, and assessed the perceived quality of fortified wheat flour compared to non-fortified wheat flour from other sources. RESULTS: We were able to reach 88% of the selected households (314/358) and 291 WRA agreed to participate (response rate 93%). Almost 99% (288/291) of households were eligible to obtain fortified wheat flour through PDS and among those eligible, 285 (99%) obtained fortified wheat flour monthly. Household consumption of fortified wheat flour was 98%, and 71% consumed all the fortified wheat flour supply before consuming other non-fortified wheat flours. Among households that reported consumption of fortified wheat flour, 63% reported quality of the fortified wheat flour was similar or better than non-fortified wheat flour from other sources. CONCLUSIONS: Receipt and consumption of fortified wheat flour among PDS beneficiaries was very high. A majority of households reported consumption of fortified wheat flour first before other non-fortified wheat flour and that the quality of fortified wheat flour was similar or better than other ...

© 2019, This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply. State-of-the-art lithium (Li)-ion batteries are approaching their specific energy limits yet are challenged by the ever-increasing demand of today's energy storage and power applications, especially for electric vehicles. Li metal is considered an ultimate anode material for future high-energy rechargeable batteries when combined with existing or emerging high-capacity cathode materials. However, much current research focuses on the battery materials level, and there have been very few accounts of cell design principles. Here we discuss crucial conditions needed to achieve a specific energy higher than 350 Wh kg −1 , up to 500 Wh kg −1 , for rechargeable Li metal batteries using high-nickel-content lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides as cathode materials. We also provide an analysis of key factors such as cathode loading, electrolyte amount and Li foil thickness that impact the cell-level cycle life. Furthermore, we identify several important strategies to reduce electrolyte-Li reaction, protect Li surfaces and stabilize anode architectures for long-cycling high-specific-energy cells.