Suchergebnisse

Spain has recently experienced more than a decade of price stability and economic growth however now is showing one of the most significant slowdowns in economic activity of the EU economies. There is a general consensus that this slowdown in economic activity is particularly important in Spain due to the low level and low rates of growth experienced by total factor productivity (TFP) during more than a decade. Among the key policy elements that could enhance TFP of manufacturing firms in Spain we find those related to human capital, foreign direct investment, and process innovations. We evaluate the effect of recessions on the productivity growth of firms with different level of productivity. We present evidence on the dynamic of firm's TFP through the business cycle allowing for a differentiated behavior for technological leaders and followers. We observe lower persistence and faster convergence in TFP during recessions and, higher persistence and non convergence in TFP during expansions. These empirical findings are consistent with the predictions obtained from the technological diffusion literature and from the fact that firm's innovation is pro-cyclical. These conclusions are obtained from a microeconometric analysis of surveys of Spanish manufacturing firms (ESEE) from 1991 to year 2005.

In spite of the generalized use of quantitative restrictions on exports, there is
little empirical research on their effectiveness to achieve the intended effects of
reducing exports, increasing production for the domestic market, and reducing domestic
prices. This paper aims at filling this gap by estimating the impact of quantitative
restrictions on beef cattle exports in Bolivia, applying a synthetic control approach.
Our main finding is that export restrictions have a negative impact not only on total
production, but also on production for the domestic market. This fact, together with an
increase in the domestic price, is consistent with a supply shift. The fact that export
controls can shift supply and actually harm production for the domestic market bears
important implications for the design of policies in the future. JEL Codes:
D22, F14, O13, O24

This paper uses quantitative restrictions to exports implemented in Bolivia in order to investigate the impact of export restrictions on the volume of production. We apply a synthetic controls approach and show that production of cattle beef fell remarkably when quantitative restrictions are imposed. Importantly, we show that export restrictions have a negative impact not only on total production, but also on production for local market. The fact that export controls can actually harm production for local market bears important implications for the design of policies in the future. ; Fil: García Lembergman, Ezequiel. Universidad de San Andrés. Departamento de Economía; Argentina. Fil: Rossi, Martín A. Universidad de San Andrés. Departamento de Economía; Argentina. Fil: Stucchi, Rodolfo. Universidad de San Andrés. Departamento de Economía; Argentina.

Abstract
This paper sheds light on how labor market regulations affect the relationship between different types of innovation and employment in Latin America. We estimate the effect of process and product innovation on employment growth using Enterprise Surveys for 14 Latin American countries. We calculate the model for the whole sample and then classify countries according to the rigidness of their labor market regulations. We find that: (i) product innovations have a positive impact on employment growth; (ii) process innovations do not affect employment growth; and (iii) more rigid labor market regulations (minimum wages and severance payments) reduce the effects of innovation.