Suchergebnisse

<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine within-state geographic heterogeneity in hypertension prevalence and evaluate associations between hypertension prevalence and small area contextual characteristics for Black and White South Carolina Medicaid enrollees in urban vs rural areas. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Ecological <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>South Carolina, United States. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Main Outcome Measure: </strong>Hypertension prevalence </p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data representing adult South Carolina Medicaid recipients enrolled in fiscal year 2013 (N=409,907) and ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA)-level contextual measures (racial segregation, rurality, poverty, educational attainment, unemployment and primary care physician adequacy) were linked in a spatially referenced database. Optimized Getis-Ord hotspot mapping was used to visualize geographic clustering of hypertension prevalence. Spatial regression was performed to examine the association between hypertension prevalence and small-area contextual indicators. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant (alpha=.05) hotspot spatial clustering patterns were similar for Blacks and Whites. Black isolation was significantly associated with hypertension among Blacks and Whites in both urban (Black, b=1.34, P&lt;.01; White, b=.66, P&lt;.01) and rural settings (Black, b=.71, P=.02; White, b=.70, P&lt;.01). Primary care physician adequacy was associated with hypertension among urban Blacks (b=-2.14, P&lt;.01) and Whites (b=-1.74, P&lt;.01). <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The significant geographic overlap of hypertension prevalence hotspots for Black and White Medicaid enrollees provides an opportunity for targeted health intervention. Provider adequacy findings suggest the value of ACA network adequacy standards for Medicaid managed care plans in ensuring health care accessibility for persons with hypertension and related chronic conditions. <em>Ethn Dis. </em>2016;26(3):331-338; doi:10.18865/ed.26.3.331 </p>

Objective: This article provides a systematic review of the team knowledge literature and guidance for further research. Background: Recent research has called attention to the need for the improved study and understanding of team knowledge. Team knowledge refers to the higher level knowledge structures that emerge from the interactions of individual team members. Method: We conducted a systematic review of the team knowledge literature, focusing on empirical work that involves the measurement of team knowledge constructs. For each study, we extracted author degree area, study design type, study setting, participant type, task type, construct type, elicitation method, aggregation method, measurement timeline, and criterion domain. Results: Our analyses demonstrate that many of the methodological characteristics of team knowledge research can be linked back to the academic training of the primary author and that there are considerable gaps in our knowledge with regard to the relationships between team knowledge constructs, the mediating mechanisms between team knowledge and performance, and relationships with criteria outside of team performance, among others. We also identify categories of team knowledge not yet examined based on an organizing framework derived from a synthesis of the literature. Conclusion: There are clear opportunities for expansion in the study of team knowledge; the science of team knowledge would benefit from a more holistic theoretical approach. Application: Human factors researchers are increasingly involved in the study of teams. This review and the resulting organizing framework provide researchers with a summary of team knowledge research over the past 10 years and directions for improving further research.

"Army Project Number 2O262785A791" ; "June 1998" ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.