Suchergebnisse

1. Life, health and the environment : the denied connection / Laura Westra -- 2. Keeping nature alive : ethical principles on the environment and human health in state statutes / Katy Kintzele -- 3. Human rights, environmental duties : an ecological interpretation of international law / Megan J.M. Mitchell -- 4. The common heritage principle and public health : honouring our legacy / Prue Taylor -- 5. Aldo Leopold's concept of land health : implications for sound public health policy / Paul Carrick -- 6. Valuation of ecosystem services as an instrument for implementation of the European landscape convention / Joseph Sejak, Pavel Cudlin and Jan Pokorny -- 7. Less energy, better health? / Jack P. Manno -- 8. Canada's "rogue nation" position on asbestos / Colin L. Soskolne and Kathleen Ruff -- 9. Public health and primary prevention : past and present opportunities and barriers / Vladimir Bencko and John Quinn -- 10. Public healthcare in the time of transition : the need to revert to basics / Donald W. Spady -- 11. Migrants' access to healthcare in the Czech Republic : ethical challenges / Helena Hnilicova and Karolina Dobiasova -- 12. Gender, violation of human rights and mental health / Yuliya Lyamzina -- 13. The efficiency of cost-control policies in healthcare : does economic efficiency imply sustainability? / Tomas Zeleny -- 14. Ethical obligations of individuals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions / Donald A. Brown -- 15. Domains of climate ethics / Konrad Ott and Christian Baatz -- 16. Climate change and law : a constitutional perspective / Antonio D'Aloia -- 17. International groundwater law / Joseph W. Dellapenna -- 18. Environmental protection and the human right to water: complimentarity and tension / Owen McIntyre -- 19. State sponsored hate discrimination : the challenge to human rights at home and abroad / Kathleen Mahoney -- 20. The protection of cultural landscapes and indigenous heritage in international investment law / Valentina S. Vadi -- 21. "Some for all, forever" : a southern perspective on poverty, access to water, environmental health and the north-south divide / Louis J. Kotze -- 22. Are cows "climate killers"? / Franz-Theo Gottwald -- 23. Food security, public health, financial regimes and international law / John Quinn and Vladimir Bencko -- 24. Re-examining health protection in international environmental regulation / William Onzivu -- 25. The human impact on the ecosystem : past, present and future / Brunetto Anton Chiarelli -- 26. Introducing the rule of ecological law / Geoffrey Garver.

Radiation exposure has long been a concern for the public, policy makers, and health researchers. Beginning with radar during World War II, human exposure to radio-frequency radiation (RFR) technologies has grown substantially over time. In 2011, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) reviewed the published literature and categorized RFR as a "possible" (Group 2B) human carcinogen. A broad range of adverse human health effects associated with RFR have been reported since the IARC review. In addition, three large-scale carcinogenicity studies in rodents exposed to levels of RFR that mimic lifetime human exposures have shown significantly increased rates of Schwannomas and malignant gliomas, as well as chromosomal DNA damage. Of particular concern are the effects of RFR exposure on the developing brain in children. Compared with an adult male, a cell phone held against the head of a child exposes deeper brain structures to greater radiation doses per unit volume, and the young, thin skull's bone marrow absorbs a roughly 10-fold higher local dose. Experimental and observational studies also suggest that men who keep cell phones in their trouser pockets have significantly lower sperm counts and significantly impaired sperm motility and morphology, including mitochondrial DNA damage. Based on the accumulated evidence, we recommend that IARC re-evaluate its 2011 classification of the human carcinogenicity of RFR, and that WHO complete a systematic review of multiple other health effects such as sperm damage. In the interim, current knowledge provides justification for governments, public health authorities, and physicians/allied health professionals to warn the population that having a cell phone next to the body is harmful, and to support measures to reduce all exposures to RFR.