Suchergebnisse

La Criminología Forense (CF) es la rama aplicada de la Ciencia Criminológica basada en la recolección, análisis y presentación de datos científicos estructurada en forma de informe pericial, susceptible de ser utilizado en el entorno judicial con la finalidad de servir como Ciencia auxiliar al sistema judicial. Con el objetivo de proponer unas bases para su utilización en España, se realiza una revisión literaria sobre la regulación de la pericia forense en Ciencias Sociales y las funciones de la CF en dicho contexto. Para ello se identifican las bases para la admisión de la CF en el ámbito penal anglosajón y en el marco legislativo español, abordándose sus funciones y objetos más frecuente. Por último, se comparan las legislaciones analizadas y se analiza su posible aplicación en nuestro país.

Background and Objectives: According to Spanish legislation, the psychological harm suffered by the victim of a criminal act is determined by assessing its impact on the victim's mental state. Usually, the victim's pain and suffering is estimated by administering clinical scales. The aim of the present study was to explore the effectiveness of psychopathological assessment using commonly used scales in clinical practice and whose results are presented as legal evidence in a forensic context in order to detect malingered psychological sequelae (anxiety, depression and low self-esteem) in victims of intimate partner violence in forensic contexts. Methods: In the present study three scales based in a clinical setting and regularly used in a forensic context were administered (BDI, STAI and Rosenberg) to assess malingering of symptoms. The sample comprised 66 women: 36 students, and 30 real victims. The non-clinical sample was evaluated twice: the first time they gave sincere responses, and the second time they were instructed to answer as if they were victims. The real victims underwent testing in a forensic context. Results and Conclusions: The results of our research show that, even without previous knowledge of the scales, people can distort the test results by malingering symptoms that are normally accepted as sequelae of intimate partner violence, especially depression and low self-esteem; however, the results for anxiety, were less homogeneous. Although these tests are used extensively in clinical psychology, our study confirms that, just by themselves, they are not a reliable source of information in a forensic context.

AbstractPurposeCoercive control is a power dynamic central to intimate partner violence (IPV) and consists of tactics to limit one's partner's autonomy through constraint, regulation of everyday life, isolation, pursuit, and intimidation and physical force. Such tactics may potentially signal a risk for future lethal or near lethal violence; hence, proper evaluation may enhance the utility of clinical femicide risk assessments. The goal of this study is to explore coercive control behaviors preceding partner femicides in Spain with the intention to provide guidance for its assessment by first responders and law enforcement.MethodsResearchers from the Department of State for Security of the Ministry of Interior collected a nationally representative sample of 150 femicides (2006–2016). Qualitative data included 958 semi-structured interviews with victims and offenders' social networks, which provided information about relationship dynamics leading up to the murders. Additionally, 225 interviews with law enforcement and occasionally offenders were used to corroborate and contextualize victim and offender social networks.ResultsQualitative analysis indicated four indicators of coercive control (i.e., microregulation and restriction, victim isolation, surveillance and pursuit, and physical violence), which were present in 85% of the cases. While these indicators were commonly present, their manifestation varied based on relationship history and victims' responses.ConclusionThe findings suggest that incorporating coercive control indicia into clinical femicide risk assessments is useful and may enhance their accuracy.