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Recently, machine-learning algorithms and existing financial data-analysis methods have been actively studied. Although the term structure of government bonds has been well-researched, the majority of studies only analyze the characteristics of one country in detail using one method. In this paper, we analyze the term structure and determine the common factors using principal component analysis (PCA) and an autoencoder (AE). We collected data on the government bonds of three countries with major currencies (the US, the UK, and Japan), extracted features, and compared them. In the PCA-based analysis, we reduced the number of dimensions by converting the normalized data into a covariance matrix and checked the first five principal components visually using graphs. In the AE-based analysis, the model consisted of two encoder layers, one middle layer, and two decoder layers, and the number of nodes in the middle layer was adjusted from one to five. As a result, no significant similarity was found for each country in the dataset, and it was appropriate to extract three features in both methods. Each feature extracted by PCA and the AE had a completely different form, and this appears to be due to the differences in the feature extraction methods. In the case of PCA, the volatility of the datasets affected the features, but in the case of AE, the results seemed to be more affected by the size of the dataset. Based on the findings of this study, this topic can be expanded to compare the results of other machine-learning algorithms or countries.

Auf Straßen und Plätzen wird wieder getanzt und demonstriert. Derweil schmollt der starke Mann im Präsidentenpalast Maiacanang. Es gehört, besonders in Zeiten politischer Polarisierung, zur Kultur des Widerstandes in diesem südostasiatischen Inselstaat, Akronyme zu prägen: "Cha-Cha" — für Charter Change, Änderung der Verfassung also — hallte es hinaus und als Echo schallte "Samba" — philippinische Abkürzung für "grundlegende Anliegen des Volkes" — zurück. Das Land rüstet sich für die Präsidentschaftswahl im nächsten Jahr. Für Bewerberinnen und Kritikerinnen läuft der Wahlkampf längst auf Hochtouren.

Describes controversy over a charter change, a proposed constitutional amendment allowing the top officeholder to seek a second successive six-year term; includes opposition led by Jaime Cardinal Sin and Corazon Aquino against President Fidel Ramos and his supporters preceding the May 1998 elections. Includes discussion of possible candidates and public opinion about the election and the amendment.

"This book explores the reproduction of colonialism at the International Criminal Court (ICC), and examines International criminal law (ICL) vs the Black body through an immersive format of Art, Music, Poetry, and Architecture and post-colonial/critical race theory lens. Taking a multi-disciplinary approach, the book interrogates the operationalization of the Rome statute to detail a Eurocentric hegemony at the core of ICL. It explores how colonialism and slavery have come to shape ICL, exposing the perpetuation of the colonial and warns that it heralds ominous contemporary and future implications for Africa. As currently envisaged and acted out at the ICC, this law is founded on deceptive and colonial ideas of 'what is wrong' in/with the world. The book finds that the contemporary ICL regime is founded on white supremacy that corrupts the law's interaction with the African. The African is but a unit utilised by the global elite to exploit and extract. From time to time, these alliances disintegrate with ICL becoming a retaliatory tool of choice. What is at stake, is power, not justice. This power is hierarchical with Eurocentrism at the top throughout modern history. Colonialism is seen not to have ended but to have regerminated through the foundation of the 'independent' African state. The ICC reproduces the colonial by use of European law, and ultimately the over representation of the black accused. To conclude, the book provides a liberated African forum that can address conflicts in the content, with a call for the end of the ICC's involvement in Africa. The demand is made for an African Court that utilises non-colonising African norms which are uniquely suited to address local conflicts. Multidisciplinary in nature, this book will be of great interest to students and scholars of International Criminal Law, Criminal Justice, Human Rights Law, African Studies, Global Social Justice, Sociology, Anthropology, Postcolonial Studies, and Philosophy"--

"This book explores the reproduction of colonialism at the International Criminal Court (ICC), and examines International criminal law (ICL) vs the Black body through an immersive format of Art, Music, Poetry, and Architecture and post-colonial/critical race theory lens. Taking a multi-disciplinary approach, the book interrogates the operationalization of the Rome statute to detail a Eurocentric hegemony at the core of ICL. It explores how colonialism and slavery have come to shape ICL, exposing the perpetuation of the colonial and warns that it heralds ominous contemporary and future implications for Africa. As currently envisaged and acted out at the ICC, this law is founded on deceptive and colonial ideas of 'what is wrong' in/with the world. The book finds that the contemporary ICL regime is founded on white supremacy that corrupts the law's interaction with the African. The African is but a unit utilised by the global elite to exploit and extract. From time to time, these alliances disintegrate with ICL becoming a retaliatory tool of choice. What is at stake, is power, not justice. This power is hierarchical with Eurocentrism at the top throughout modern history. Colonialism is seen not to have ended but to have regerminated through the foundation of the 'independent' African state. The ICC reproduces the colonial by use of European law, and ultimately the over representation of the black accused. To conclude, the book provides a liberated African forum that can address conflicts in the content, with a call for the end of the ICC's involvement in Africa. The demand is made for an African Court that utilises non-colonising African norms which are uniquely suited to address local conflicts. Multidisciplinary in nature, this book will be of great interest to students and scholars of International Criminal Law, Criminal Justice, Human Rights Law, African Studies, Global Social Justice, Sociology, Anthropology, Postcolonial Studies, and Philosophy"--