Suchergebnisse

This is a book chapter it was published in Affordable Housing in the Urban Global South: Seeking Sustainable Solutions and is available here with the kind permission of the publisher. ; Since the mid-1950s, Governments in countries of South Asia have attempted to meet the housing demand of the poor, and introduced housing policies often backed by public finance to support public, subsidised and incremental/ self-help housing. With rapid urbanization, rising real estate-prices, transition to market-driven housing finance systems and focus on slum-free cities, Governments are implementing redevelopment projects for central districts of cities. Recently, new housing stock is being created under reconstruction and resettlement projects in areas affected by environmental disasters and civil unrest.

This book was published by the Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) at Loughborough University. ; This document presents a combination of qualitative and quantitative research techniques to analyze corruption in the infrastructure sector. This methodology was piloted in South Africa, Nigeria, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Georgia, Ukraine and Nepal in 2005-2006. The sustainability of the livelihoods of the poor in low- and middle-income countries is compromised by corruption in the delivery of infrastructure services. Such services include water supply, sanitation, drainage, the provision of access roads and paving, transport, solid waste management, street lighting and community buildings. For this reason, The Water, Engineering Development Centre, (WEDC) at Loughborough University in the UK is conducting research into anti-corruption initiatives in this area of infrastructure services delivery. This series of reports has been produced as part of a project entitled Accountability Arrangements to Combat Corruption, which was initially funded by the Department for International Development (DFID) of the British Government. The purpose of the work is to improve governance through the use of accountability arrangements to combat corruption in the delivery of infrastructure services. These findings, reviews, country case studies, case surveys and practical tools provide evidence of how anti-corruption initiatives in infrastructure delivery can contribute to the improvement of the lives of the urban poor. The main objective of the research is the analysis of corruption in infrastructure delivery. This includes a review of accountability initiatives in infrastructure delivery and the nature of the impact of greater accountability.

This book was published by the Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) at Loughborough University: http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/ ; Desk-based descriptions of 27 anti-corruption initiatives have been conducted. These surveys describe particular accountability mechanisms/activities that aim to combat corruption in infrastructure services and improve the effectiveness and efficiency of such services, but also encourage pro-poor service delivery. The sustainability of the livelihoods of the poor in low- and middle-income countries is compromised by corruption in the delivery of infrastructure services. Such services include water supply, sanitation, drainage, the provision of access roads and paving, transport, solid waste management, street lighting and community buildings. For this reason, The Water, Engineering Development Centre, (WEDC) at Loughborough University in the UK is conducting research into anti-corruption initiatives in this area of infrastructure services delivery. This series of reports has been produced as part of a project entitled Accountability Arrangements to Combat Corruption, which was initially funded by the Department for International Development (DFID) of the British Government. The purpose of the work is to improve governance through the use of accountability arrangements to combat corruption in the delivery of infrastructure services. These findings, reviews, country case studies, case surveys and practical tools provide evidence of how anti-corruption initiatives in infrastructure delivery can contribute to the improvement of the lives of the urban poor. This compilation presents the country case surveys. The surveys have been selected as they have instituted anti-corruption reform in infrastructure service provision. The mechanism of reform has then been analysed to provide evidence of how anti-corruption initiatives in infrastructure delivery can contribute to pro-poor outcomes. The main objective of the research is the analysis of corruption in infrastructure delivery. This includes a review of accountability initiatives in infrastructure delivery and the nature of the impact of greater accountability.

This book was published by the Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) at Loughborough University: http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/ ; This review describes accountability arrangements to combat corruption in the infrastructure sector. The sustainability of the livelihoods of the poor in low- and middle-income countries is compromised by corruption in the delivery of infrastructure services. Such services include water supply, sanitation, drainage, the provision of access roads and paving, transport, solid waste management, street lighting and community buildings. For this reason, The Water, Engineering Development Centre, (WEDC) at Loughborough University in the UK is conducting research into anti-corruption initiatives in this area of infrastructure services delivery. This series of reports has been produced as part of a project entitled Accountability Arrangements to Combat Corruption, which was initially funded by the Department for International Development (DFID) of the British Government. The purpose of the work is to improve governance through the use of accountability arrangements to combat corruption in the delivery of infrastructure services. These findings, reviews, country case studies, case surveys and practical tools provide evidence of how anti-corruption initiatives in infrastructure delivery can contribute to the improvement of the lives of the urban poor. The main objective of the research is the analysis of corruption in infrastructure delivery. This includes a review of accountability initiatives in infrastructure delivery and the nature of the impact of greater accountability.

This book was published by the Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) at Loughborough University: http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/ ; This document presents the findings from Project R6857 Performance Monitoring of Infrastructure Procurement for Urban Low Income Communities carried out by the authors as part of the Knowledge and Research Programme, Infrastructure and Urban Development Department, Department for International Development (DFID) of the British Government. The purpose of this project is to develop a framework and tools for the appraisal, monitoring and evaluation of micro-contracts for the procurement of local infrastructure in urban low-income communities. In addition to the standard measures of time, cost and quality, the work also attempts to capture some of the crucial wider socio-economic impacts of community-based works. The findings in this booklet will be of use to donor/lending agencies, government officials, and non-government organizations (NGOs) involved in improving services for the urban poor.

This is a conference paper. ; Lagos, a city in southwest Nigeria, has been identified as one of the fastest growing cities in the world. The problem of waste management has led to various initiatives to tackle the mounting heaps of waste in Nigeria's cities. The government has supported the introduction of the private sector in waste collection. However, the process of solid waste management does not stop with waste collection. With the gap created in the waste management process, transportation of waste to dump sites provides the informal waste sector with a source of livelihood. This paper reports on fieldwork that incorporates observation, and qualitative research methods. The findings reveal gender differences in the livelihoods available to women in the informal waste sector, specifically focusing on waste scavengers, based on tool usage and waste specialization.

This book was published by the Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) at Loughborough University: http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/ ; This book presents findings from project R7786 Partnerships to improve access and quality of urban public transport for the urban poor carried out by the authors as part of the Knowledge and Research (KaR) programme of the Infrastructure and Urban Development Department, Department for International Development (DFID) of the British Government. The purpose of the project was to identify, explore, and document critical issues in the provision of transport services for and in low-income settlements in developing countries. The identified issues can be used at policy and operational levels to provide better transport services to low-income communities in urban areas. In the research methodology, a sustainable livelihoods framework was used to set the research framework. The print publication comes with a CD containing pdf files of all publications in this series including case studies from Faisalabad, Pakistan; Colombo, Sri Lanka; and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

This book was published by the Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) at Loughborough University: http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/ ; This manual investigates the extent and nature of the involvement of low-income urban communities in the provision of their local infrastructure. It also provides guidance for policy-makers and professional staff of urban government, development agencies, non-government organisations, and small to medium enterprises for promoting increased involvement of communities in the procurement of neighbourhood (tertiary level) infrastructure. Cases relating to water supply, sanitation, drainage, access, paving, street and security lighting, solid waste removal, and community buildings are examined.

This paper was accepted for publication in the journal Proceedings of the ICE - Management, Procurement and Law and the definitive published version is available at https://doi.org/10.1680/jmapl.17.00005 ; By their very nature, megaprojects have significant short- and longer-term impacts on the socio-economic, technical, environmental and political landscape of the host country, but many are delivered with time and cost overruns and sometimes with quality discrepancies. This paper examines the critical success factors for megaprojects in Colombia – from the project definition stage to successful handover – from the perspective of professionals involved in the delivery of megaprojects in that country. It applies a mixed approach of quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis to rank 34 factors identified in literature sources as being critical to the success of megaprojects. Analysis shows that inadequate information at the tender stage, design changes during the construction phase, and limited availability and supply of materials have had a major negative influence on the delivery of megaprojects in Colombia. In contrast, adverse weather conditions and lack of prior experience with similar projects have had the least impact. This paper recommends approaches to mitigate the risks associated with the factors investigated.

This paper was published in the journal Transport Policy and the definitive published version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2016.09.001. ; Nigeria experiences a perennial shortage of transportation energy despite being the world's eighth largest producer of crude oil and the seventh largest proven reservoir of natural gas. Partly as a result, the Nigerian government proposed the use of compressed natural gas (CNG) as an automotive fuel in 1997 as part of the efforts to harness the country's natural gas resources and address transportation energy challenges. However, the rate of adoption has been very low with natural gas vehicles constituting 0.04% of the national vehicle fleet. This paper presents a stakeholder analysis derived from interviews with senior executives of the leading organisations involved in the energy and transportation sectors in Nigeria. Analysis revealed thirty-one barriers and twenty-six policy proposals that were categorised into eight and four themes respectively. While there is a rarity of agreement across all stakeholder groups, we observed consensus on the suggestion for the removal of the subsidy on petrol and the need for the establishment of a coordinating agency to drive the use of CNG. The paper offers specific recommendations for the reform of the energy and transportation sectors, the introduction of fiscal and operational incentives and the creation of public awareness.

This article is closed access. ; The Nigerian government proposed the use of compressed natural gas (CNG) as an automotive fuel in 1997 as part of the initiatives to harness natural gas (NG) resources but progress has been slow. This paper examines the natural gas vehicle (NGV) implementation approaches and outcomes in seven countries with diverse experiences in order to gain an understanding of the barriers to the NGV market development in Nigeria. The analysis employs hermeneutic principles to secondary data derived from academic literature, published reports from a variety of international agencies, grey literature, and text from online sources and identifies eight success factors for NGV market development namely: strategic intent, legal backing, learning and adaptation, assignment of responsibilities, financial incentives, NG pricing, consumer confidence, and NG infrastructure. The paper concludes that the principal impediment to NGV market development in Nigeria is the uncoordinated implementation approach and that greater government involvement is required in setting strategic goals, developing the legal and regulatory fra- meworks, setting of clear standards for vehicles and refuelling stations as well as assigning responsi- bilities to specific agencies. Short-term low cost policy interventions identified include widening the existing NG and gasoline price gap and offering limited support for refuelling and retrofitting facilities.

This is a conference paper. ; This paper presents data and analysis from a two-year study, which was aimed at investigating the sustainability of community, managed water supply infrastructure in Nicaragua and Panama. Sustainability, as defined by this study was evaluated using performance monitoring of water quantity, water quality and reports from water management committees on system reliability. The long-term objective of this study is to investigate system performance as a function of social, technical, environmental, economic and political constraints. This paper presents the techniques used to measure system performance.