Suchergebnisse

ABSTRACTControl and management of forests by the Government often gives rise to conflicts with communities, especially those that still utilize forest resources for their lives. This condition also occurs in forest area of Dodo, Jaran Pusang (RTK. 64) in Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara. Conflicts in forest area of Dodo involve community in Lawin village and Lebangkar village, sub-district Ropang, local government and the PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara who gained the concession of mining around forest area of Dodo. This research was qualitative research with a descriptive case study strategy. This research explains that the Lebangkar and Lawin community still can access forest of Dodo, indicated by a pattern of economic relations, socio-cultural and ecological of the communities with forest. The community also is constantly working to build power through FKDEL, YEP, SPPT, and SKPT movement to maintain access in the forest of Dodo. On the other hand, the Government of Indonesia, Newmont Nusa Tenggara, Society Ropang, Ranan, Lebin and Johnny wanted to access the forest of Dodo. Every actor has a different way to get access. The difference in the strength of the actor causing relationship tension between concerned actors.Keywords: agrarian contestations, access, Forest of Dodo, Lebangkar, LawinABSTRAKKontrol dan pengelolaan hutan oleh pemerintah sering menimbulkan pertentangan dengan masyarakat, terutama yang masih memanfaatkan sumber daya hutan untuk kehidupan mereka. Kondisi ini juga terjadi di Kawasan Hutan Dodo, Jaran Pusang (RTK.64) di Sumbawa, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Konflik di Kawasan Hutan Dodo melibatkan masyarakat di desa Lawin dan desa Lebangkar, kecamatan Ropang, pemerintah daerah dan PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara yang memperoleh konsesi pertambangan sekitar Kawasan Hutan Dodo. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan startegi studi kasus deskriptif. Penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa masyarakat Lawin dan Lebangkar masih dapat mengkases hutan Dodo yang ditunjukkan dengan pola hubungan ekonomi, sosial-budaya dan ekologi masyarakat dengan hutan. Masyarakat juga terus berupaya membangunpower melalui gerakan FKDEL, YEP, SPPT, dan SKPT untuk mempertahankan akses di hutan Dodo. Di sisi lain, pemerintah Indonesia, Newmont Nusa Tenggara, masyarakat Ropang, Ranan, Lebin dan Lantung ingin mengakses hutan dodo. Setiap aktor memiliki cara yang berbeda untuk mendapatkan akses. Perbedaan kekuatan aktor menyebabkan ketegangan hubungan antara aktor-aktor berkepentingan.Kata kunci: kontestasi graria, akses, Hutan Dodo, Lebangkar, Lawin

Terjadinya konflik yang melibatkan antara masyarakat dengan pemerintah dan perusahaan disebabkan oleh perspektif yang berbeda dalam memandang sumber daya alam. Sebagai konsekuensinya, hal ini akan membawa pada perbedaan manajemen dan pemanfaatan sumber daya alam, sehingga hal itu akan berakhir dengan perbedaan pandangan dalam pengelolaan sumber daya alam antara pemerintah dan masyarakat setempat. Dalam tingkat makro, studi ini sebenarnya akan membahas diferensiasi makna yang berakhir dengan konflik sumber daya alam di Poboya, aktor yang terlibat dan representasi masyarakat adat dan kelompok-kelompok LSM konservasi sumber daya alam dari ekspansi kapitalis. Dengan menggunakan perspektif ekologi politik, studi ini menunjukkan bahwa ada banyak pihak yang terlibat dalam Poboya, seperti pemerintah pusat, para elit politik lokal, masyarakat adat, kepolisian daerah, CPM, dan masyarakat setempat. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi bahwa asal usul konflik Poboya ini terjadi antara pemerintah, perusahaan (CPM) dan masyarakat adat adalah dalam hal kontestasi sumber daya alam. Sementara itu, konflik antara perusahaan, pemerintah dan LSM menjadi suatu diskursus. Representasi masyarakat adat diwujudkan dalam bentuk pengendalian kegiatan pertambangan, sedangkan LSM yang diberikan penguatan dan berdiri di belakang tindakan masyarakat di Poboya.Kata Kunci: kontestasi kekuasaan, masyarakat adat, penambangan.

Abstract: Women are one of the parties being affected by the process of land acquisition for the construction of public infrastructure. This article aims to analyse the change of women role after the implementation of land acquisition for the construction of Yogyakarta International Airport in Kulonprogo regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The research is carried out in Kebonrejo village, Temon district using quantitative approach supported by qualitative approach. Quantitative data are collected through a survey among 30 female respondents in the households selected by a simple random sampling and analysed through Rank Spearman test, while qualitative data are obtainded through documents review, participant observation and depth interview with key informants. The research findings demonstrate that there is a weak relationship between the participation of women throughout the implementation of land acquisition and the change of women role after the completion of land acquisition. This is due to the fact that despite there is a strong emphasize of public consultation and participation in the regulation of land acquisition, the will and power of the government is very strong and could not be influenced by the whole affected community. In addition, the process of land acquisition itself often put aside women's specific aspiration and intereset. Consequently, a relative equal gender relation within the household during land acquisition process didn't have any effect throughout the process and afterward. Keywords: women participation, the roles of women, land acquisition, development of public infrastucture. Intisari: Perempuan adalah salah satu pihak yang terimbas oleh pengadaan tanah untuk pembangunan infrastruktur publik. Artikel ini bermaksud untuk menganalisis ,perubahan peran perempuan setelah pengadaan tanah untuk pembangunan Yogyakarta International Airport di Kabupaten Kulonprogo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian lapangan dilakukan di Kalurahan Kebonrejo, Kapanewon Temon dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung pendekatan kualitatif. Data kuantitatif diperoleh dari survei atas 30 responden perempuan dalam rumah tangga yang dipilih secara simple random sampling dan diolah dengan uji Rank Spearman, sementara data kualitatif diperoleh melalui studi dokumen, pengamatan terlibat dan wawancara mendalam dengan para informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang lemah antara keterlibatan perempuan selama proses pengadaan tanah untuk pembangunan Yogyakarta International Airport dengan peran perempuan setelah pengadaan tanah. Ssekalipun keharusan konsultasi dan partisipasi publik sangat ditekankan dalam regulasi pengadaan tanah, namun kehendak dan kekuasaan yang kuat dari pemerintah membuat proses pengadaan tanah tidak dapat dipengaruhi oleh masyarakat terdampak secara keseluruhan. Selain itu, proses pengadaan tanah itu sendiri abai terhadap aspirasi dan kepentingan spesifik kaum perempuan. Akibatnya, relasi gender yang relatif setara di level rumah tangga selama proses pengadaan tanah tidak memiliki hubungan apa pun sepanjang proses tersebut maupun setelahnya. Kata Kunci: keterlibatan perempuan, peran perempuan, pengadaan tanah, pembangunan infrastruktur publik.

ABSTRACTAs an effort to maintain the consumption salt surplus production and to supply industrial needs, Indonesian goverment implement Pengembangan Usaha Garam Rakyat [Devolepment of People Salt Business] by encouraging salt farmers to manage their business using corporate pattern, and bring up a new concept called "corporitization of salt farmer". They have been requested to use corporate pattern and apply some useful equipments and technology, land integration, formulating contracts, and other corporatization components. The aims of this research is to analyze corporatization model in people salt business by using corporatization concept with some descriptions of the socio-economic transition, and the impact of ecologycal changes. The method used is qualitative and quantitative, starting with survey, focuss group discussion, indepth interview, and observation. The results are (i) the interpretation of corporatization by farmers is diverse, it is different with government conception, (ii) Socio-economic transition indicated by the relation between small-large farmer and salt farmer trader, new incarnation of trader, and the economic farmer revenues, (iii) the dynamics of ecologycal changes caused by intersection with mangrove and housing that will effect of the large ammounts of plastic waste in the future.Keywords: corporate pattern, corporatization, transition of social, economy, and ecologyABSTRAKSebagai upaya mempertahankan surplus garam konsumsi dan mencoba menyediakan garam industri, pemerintah melaksanakan Pengembangan Usaha Garam Rakyat (PUGaR) yang salah satu strateginya mendorong sebagian petambak garam mengelola usaha dengan pola korporasi, hal ini memunculkan konsep "korporatisasi garam rakyat". Petambak didorong menerapkan peralatan/teknologi tepat guna, integrasi lahan, memperbanyak kontrak dengan perusahaan, dan komponen–komponen korporatisasi lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini ingin menganalisis pemaknaan korporatisasi dari sudut pandang petambak garam, menganalisis dinamika transisi sosial ekonomi, dan dinamika perubahan ekologi yang ditimbulkan oleh korporatisasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuntitatif dan kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui survei, focus group discussion, wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (i) korporatisasi ditanggapi secara beragam oleh petambak garam, yang didasari atas rasionalitas mereka selaku aktor, dan pemakanaan terhadap komponen korporatisasi tidak selalu sama dengan pamaknaan pemerintah, (ii) transisi sosial ekonomi dapat dilihat dari hubungan antara pemilik moda produksi dan pedagang-petambak garam yang mulai bergeser, jelmaan pedagang dalam bentuk baru, dan peningkatan pendapatan petambak garam, (iii) dinamika perubahan ekologi dilihat dari persinggungannya dengan pemukiman dan mangrove belum terlihat secara besar, namun terdapat potensi sampah plastik yang besar di masa mendatang.Kata kunci: pola korporatisasi, pemaknaan korporatisasi, transisi sosial, ekonomi dan ekologi

One of the efforts of Local Government in financing regional development is through local taxes. Bekasi City is a cross-trade City and its strategic location has great potential to be able to maximize local revenue through the local tax sector, e.g. advertisement tax. The purpose of this research was to determine the growth rate and the contribution of advertisement tax to local taxes, measure the effectiveness and efficiency of advertisement tax, and determine the strategy in the implementation of revenue advertisement tax collections. Analysis methods of this research includes calculation of growth and contribution ratio as well as effectiveness and efficiency ratio and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Results of this research show that the growth rate of advertisement tax in Bekasi City average 20.65% and its contribution to local taxes average of 3.52% with the average effectiveness rate 82.20% ("quite effective") and the efficiency level 6.31% ("highly efficient"). It is suggested from the AHP results that the Local Government of Bekasi City should implement a strategy of improving the quality and quantity of human resources as well as a strategy of improving technical guidelines on advertisement tax collection.Keywords : advertisement tax, growth and contribution, effectiveness and efficiency, strategy, Bekasi City.

The idea of biodiversity conservation emerged to overcome the ecological crisis. However, its implementation has created various social impacts such as social alienation, conflict, and poverty. There is a political relationship between humans and nature, one of which is about access to resources or space. This study aims to analyze who can get access or exclusion, and through what mechanisms they access or exclude space in Komodo National Park (KNP). Qualitative methods with the case study strategy are applied. The results are as follows: Firstly, due to shifting conservation management from the ecological-based conservation (EBC) perspective to the market-based conservation (MBC), different actors emerge. Secondly, as an implication, a new bundle of power with different actors emerged in each type of conservation period. During the EBC period, the unbalanced power occurs between local people on the one side and the KNP office and conservation NGO on the other side. Juridical power becomes the source of the power of the latter. Meanwhile, during the MBC period, market and juridical power are the sources of power. Thirdly, both the EBC and the MBC period lead the way to the exclusion of the local people. ; Ide konservasi keanekaragaman hayati muncul untuk mengatasi krisis ekologi. Namun, implementasinya tidak terlepas dari berbagai dampak sosial seperti alienasi masyarakat, konflik, dan kemiskinan. Dalam pengelolaan konservasi terdapat hubungan antara manusia dan alam yang bersifat politis, salah satunya mengenai akses terhadap sumber daya atau ruang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis siapa yang mendapat akses atau mengalami eksklusi dan melalui mekanisme apa mereka mendapatkan akses atau mengalami eksklusi dari ruang Taman Nasional Komodo (KNP). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan strategi studi kasus. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: Pertama, pengelolaan konservasi yang semula berbasis ekologi (ecological-based conservation/EBC) bergeser menjadi berbasis pasar (market-based conservation/MBC) mengakibatkan adanya perubahan aktor. Kedua, sebagai implikasinya, terdapat sekumpulan kekuasaan baru, dimana setiap aktor dengan sekumpulan kekuasaan yang berbeda muncul pada setiap tipe periode konservasi. Pada periode EBC, terjadi ketimpangan kekuasaan antara masyarakat lokal di satu sisi, dengan pengelola KNP dan LSM konservasi di sisi lainnya. Aspek yuridis menjadi sumber kekuasaan yang terakhir. Sementara pada periode MBC, sumber kekuasaan berupa pasar dan yuridis. Ketiga, baik pada periode EBC maupun MBC, terdapat kekuatan yang mengakibatkan eksklusi terhadap masyarakat lokal.

Spatial Dynamic of Registered Land and Its Implications to the Livelihood System of Local Communities in Takalar Regency Takalar Regency is part of the Mamminasata Urban Region in South Sulawesi Province, which is designed to accelerate regional economic growth . Therefore, the government needs to make efforts to create a conducive investment climate in Takalar Regency. One of effort was by accelerating land registration through the Systematic and Complete Land Registration Program (PTSL). PTSL has been implemented in Takalar Regency since 2017. This research aims to identify the spatial dynamic of land registered in Takalar Regency and analyze its implications to the livelihood system of local communities. Data of land registered were analyzed by descriptive analysis, overlaid, and Moran Index spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted to identify spatial dynamics. Data of livelihoods system, i.e. the human capital, natural capital, social capital, physical capital, and financial capital, were analyzed by Score Index method. Purposive sampling was applied to three village typologies, namely the developing coastal village, the independent coastal village, and the developing non-coastal village. The result shows that unp to 2019, 55% of the number of land parcels in Takalar Regency had been registered. Registered land had increased by 11% from 2017 and PTSL had contributed 54% of the increase. The ratio of land registered to the number of land parcels in 29 villages had changed and showed a random spatial distribution pattern dominated in northwest areas of the regency. The spatial dynamics of land registered were also followed by the dynamics of land transactions, land values, and land conversion. The result of the Scoring Index method showed that the livelihood capital of local communities after implementation of PTSL was categorized as sufficient for all typologies of sample villages. Land registration had direct implications for natural capital and financial capital.

This article discusses the issues of religious and cultural resistance of Madurese salt farming communities as portrayed in the religious tradition of nyadar ritual. Nyadar is an annual religious tradition carried out by Madurese salt farming communities in Sumenep district, precisely in Pinggir Papas Village, Kalianget District and Gersik Putih Village, Gapura District, to conduct cultural resistance against the hegemony and dominance of the Salt Farming Corporation and Madurese salt farming community elites. The purpose of this study is to reveal changes in the cultural situation of the Madurese salt farming community. This study uses an ethnographic method with a constructivist paradigm with data collection methods using in-depth interviews, participant observation, and focus group discussions (FGD). The result of this research found that nyadar is a form of religious rituals that illustrates the solidarity of the community in fighting against the shackles of poverty and helplessness to fight the hegemony and domination of the economic liberalism capitalism in the globalization of the global salt economy which tends to favor the salt corporation, the owners of salt farm land, the religious figures, and the Madurese elites. The cultural resistance of the salt farming community is portrayed in the rejection of the various policies that will be enforced by the Government, PT. Garam, as well as salt corporates in the religious ritual tradition of nyadar including in determining the time of event, religious tourism destinations, and financial support to celebrate the religious ritual activities of nyadar.

Symptoms of political neglection along with changes in capitalist-oriented economic development policies have become a major challenge for recognition of indigenous people in Indonesia. The experience of the Mapur Lom tribe marks the phase of detachment of an entity from its agrarian tradition. This study aims to identify the future critical point of Lom people due to the absence of recognition from the government which more prioritizes the practices of power domination and penetration of capital. The case study was used to oversee the socio-economic relations between tin and oil palm as well as the dynamics of actors contestation who were legitimized by the post-New Order bureaucracy. Data collection uses interviews, observation, document studies, and focused discussions. The results of the research show that the mechanism of stifling the political voice of Lom people's recognition takes place through two phases, namely silencing from within by the apparatus at the hamlet level by hijacking the autonomy discourse of customary forests. The second phase, preclusion of political voices from outside through a continuous changing of regulations, policies that tend to favor the oil palm plantation corporations, capital intervention accompanied with land grab and violence. Working with Marxian perspective elaboration and critical perspective see that failure of state and bureaucracy at the regional level related to political economy of recognition are the result of perpetuating power domination based on concentration of regulation, policy, legitimacy, and capital along with collusion with corporations against individuals, groups and nature.

Conflicts have colored human history and occurred in various places. The ranges of conflict vary, from international, national to local scales. There can be economical, political, territorial and other sorts of conflict. One example of common type of the conflicts in Indonesia is local ethnic conflict between Indonesian local government and Bajo ethnic over marine territory at Tomini bay. This research aims not only to analyze this conflict at Tomini bay area but also to explore its causes, types, and resolution. The research uses critical theory and applies historical sociology and case study. The data is analyzed through qualitative method. The research shows that the ethnic conflict at Tomini bay was stimulated by the local government decision to give a license to a timber company and fishing industry at the bay. This policy has threatened Bajo's social and economic systems at the bay and triggered authority, economy and knowledge conflicts. Intensive dialogues have been conducted to resolve the conflicts but have not yielded significant resolution. The best solution to terminate the conflict and give legal certainty over the use of the bay area is that the conflicting zones must be mapped justly and all interests are accommodated equally.

This research about agrarian social change in Bangka. The method in this study uses structural Gramscian perspective and critical theory approach. The results of research has showed the role of intellectuals in the social change process. Its related to political dynamic in this area. After the new Order Era, the position of the intellectual very importance, especially in moving of mass aspiration. In this context, these change are realted to the role of the intellectual as a social entity forming the state and civil society well that the New Orde era and before the for the political leadership through organic intellectual actor. In the pos New Orde era more emphasizes the intellectual and moral leadership.

Conservation programs in Kepulauan Seribu National Park (TNKpS) need communication space in order to attract target group participation, It is necessary for for community of fisherman to talk each regarding conservation policies addressed to.Public sphere defines asa freepolitical and economic domination elements space, existing public sphere in TNKpS have physical or non-physical characteristics, actors either co-opted or not co-opted, and their political public sphere either authentic or un-authentic.There was a two-way dialogical communicatio in public sphere. Dialogue in the public sphere was seen from five types: technical dialogue, debate, genuine dialogue, reconciliation and critical, the results show only the genuine dialogue that occurred.Five obstacles in dialogical communication did not occurred to traditional small fishermen, they were not protective nor defensive to information and were mostly concerned with appropriate information, the time for dialogue is enough. Obstacles tendency to evaluate occurs in critical fishermen.Keyword: conservation, dialogue communication, environmental communication,national park, public sphereABSTRAKProgram konservasi di Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu (TNKpS) membutuhkan ruang komunikasi supaya bisa menarik partisipasi kelompok sasaran, untuk itu diperlukan ruang publik bagi warga untuk saling berdialog membicarakan masalah terkait kebijakan konservasi yang ditujukan kepada mereka. Ruang publik sebagai ruang yang bebas dari unsur dominasi politik maupun ekonomi, baik yang bersifat fisik maupun non fisik, aktornya baik yang dikooptasi maupun tidak dikooptasi, dan ruang publik politiknya baik yang autentik maupun tidak autentik. Dalam ruang publik terjadi komunikasi dialogis yang bersifat dua arah. Dialog yang terjadi di ruang publik dilihat dari tiga jenis: dialog teknis, debat dan dialog asli. Dua elemen penting komunikasi dialogis yaitu listening dan understanding. Ada lima kendala dalam komunikasi dialogis: protektif, defensif, kecenderungan mengevaluasi, ekspektasi yang tidak sesuai dan kurangnya waktu. Penelitian berparadigm kritis dengan pendekatan kualitatif ini menggunakan teori kritis Habermas mengenai ruang publik dan teori tindakan komunikatif dalam perspektif komunikasi lingkungan.Kata kunci: komunikasi dialogis, komunikasi lingkungan, konservasi, ruang publik, taman nasional

Contemporary peasant movements are still important to be studied, especially under the reformation era (or the democracy transition). The objective of this study were to analyze the relationship of the determinant factors on peasant movement. Qualitative approach was applied in this case. Data was employed in triangulation using dept interviews, documentations, and secundary data. Result showed that the combination of political opportuniiq structure and structure of resource mobilization affords groups a certain structural potential for action, they remain, in the absence of two other factors, insuffisient to account for peasant movement. The two factor were the sub-culture of peasant opposition as the antecedent factor and collective framing as the mediating factor.