Suchergebnisse

Die veld van die opvoedkunde vorm een van die primêre arenas waarin die politieke stryd om `n meer demokratiese samelewing in Suid Afrika daar te stel, hom afspeel.Die daarstel van `n nuwe, meer relevante opvoedkunde konfronteer opvoeders met die taak om navorsing te doen oor en te eksperimenteer met veral nuwe metodes en `n meer demokratiserende verwerking van kurrikulum-en kursus inhoude. Die verkenning van die dialogise aard en metode van Bybel/godsdiensonderrig moet binne hierdie raamwerk sowel as binne die raamwerk van interdissiplenêre dialoog beoordeel word. Die transformerende effek van die kommunukasie tussen God en die mens, die aspekte van sowel die transformerende gebeure in die didaktiese kommunikasieproses, die kontekstuele betrokkenheid van die dialogise leerervaring en die transformerende effek van die gesuggereerde emosionele ruimte in die leersituasie vorm die beginsels ten grondslag van hierdie voordrag. Die dialogise model kan effektief aangewend word om leerlinge/student te begelei om Bybelinhoude selfstandig en relevant te kontekstualiseer, om die gesonde persoonliksheid- en sosiale ontwikkeling van leerlinge interaksioneel te stimuleer en om `n meer demokratiese asook assertiewe ingesteldheid by leerlinge te stimuleer. The aim of this article is to participate in the dialogue on a more democratic, more effective an a more relevant education system for pupils in South Africa, especially in the field of Bible/religious education. I give a broad overview of the general needs in education and then proceed to motivate and explain the nature, function and use of what I would like to call a dialogical model of instruction.

In this article it is argued that the relationship between a minister and the congregation is not one of employment, but a relationship sui generis that is constituted in a community alius generis. As seen from the reformed church government, this relation is governed on a Scriptural and dogmatic basis in the church as the people of God, and not by state government.

Summary  Let X1,.,., Xm, and Y1, Yn, be two independent samples from the same distribution and let X and Y be the means of these samples. What is the maximal value of P(X < Y)?

Declarations like "this meeting is adjourned" make certain facts the case by representing them as being the case. Yet surprisingly little attention has been paid to the mechanism whereby the utterance of a declaration can bring about a new state of affairs. In this paper, we use the incentivization account of institutional facts to address this issue. We argue that declarations can serve to bring about new states of affairs as their utterance have game theoretical import, typically in virtue of the utterer signaling a commitment to act in an incentive-changing way.

In our earlier work, we argued, contra Searle, that institutional facts can be understood in terms of non-institutional facts about actions and incentives. Butchard and D'Amico claim that we have misinterpreted Searle, that our main argument against him ("the circularity objection") has no merit and that our positive view cannot account for institutional facts created via joint action. We deny all three charges.

AbstractWhat does being money consist in? We argue that something is money if, and only if, it is typically acquired in order to realise the reduction in transaction costs that accrues in virtue of agents coordinating on acquiring the same thing when deciding what thing to acquire in order to exchange. What kinds of things can be money? We argue against the common view that a variety of things (notes, coins, gold, cigarettes, etc.) can be money. All monetary systems are best interpreted as implementing the same basic protocol. Money, i.e. the thing that we coordinate on acquiring in order to lower our transaction costs, is, in all cases, a set of positions on an abstract mathematical object, namely a relative ratio scale. The things that we ordinarily call 'money' are merely records of positions on such a scale.

The Chicxulub impact led to the formation of a ~ 200-km wide by ~1-km deep crater on México's Yucatán Peninsula. Over a period of hours after the impact the ocean re-entered and covered the impact basin beneath several hundred meters of water. A suite of impactites were deposited across the crater during crater formation, and by the resurge, tsunami and seiche events that followed. International Ocean Discovery Program/International Continental Scientific Drilling Program Expedition 364 drilled into the peak ring of the Chicxulub crater, and recovered ~130 m of impact deposits and a 75-cm thick, fine-grained, carbonate-rich "Transitional Unit", above which normal marine sedimentation resumed. Here, we describe the results of analyses of the uppermost impact breccia (suevite) and the Transitional Unit, which suggests a gradual waning of energy recorded by this local K-Pg boundary sequence. The dominant depositional motif in the upper suevite and the Transitional Unit is of rapid sedimentation characterized by graded bedding, local cross bedding, and evidence of oscillatory currents. The lower Transitional Unit records the change from deposition of dominantly sand-sized to mainly silt to clay sized material with impact debris that decreases in both grain size and abundance upward. The middle part of the Transitional Unit is interrupted by a 20 cm thick soft sediment slump overlain by graded and oscillatory current cross-laminated beds. The uppermost Transitional Unit is also soft sediment deformed, contains trace fossils, and an increasing abundance of planktic foraminifer and calcareous nannoplankton survivors. The Transitional Unit, as with similar deposits in other marine target impact craters, records the final phases of impact-related sedimentation prior to resumption of normal marine conditions. Petrographic and stable isotopic analyses of carbon from organic matter provide insight into post-impact processes. δC values are between terrestrial and marine end members with fluctuations of 1–3‰. Timing of deposition of the Transitional Unit is complicated to ascertain. The repetitive normally graded laminae, both below and above the soft sediment deformed interval, record rapid deposition from currents driven by tsunami and seiches, processes that likely operated for weeks to potentially years post-impact due to subsequent continental margin collapse events. Highly siderophile element-enrichment at the top of the unit is likely from fine-grained ejecta that circulated in the atmosphere for several years prior to settling. The Transitional Unit is thus an exquisite record of the final phases of impact-related sedimentation related to one of the most consequential events in Earth history. ; ESP2015-65712-C5-1-R, and ESP2017-87676-C5-1-R from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional ; With funding from the Spanish government through the "María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence" accreditation (MDM-2017-0737)

Background: Effective, accessible, and affordable depression treatment is of high importance considering the large personal and economic burden of depression. Internet-based treatment is considered a promising clinical and cost-effective alternative to current routine depression treatment strategies such as face-to-face psychotherapy. However, it is not clear whether research findings translate to routine clinical practice such as primary or specialized mental health care. The E-COMPARED project aims to gain knowledge on the clinical and cost-effectiveness of blended depression treatment compared to treatment-as-usual in routine care. Methods/design: E-COMPARED will employ a pragmatic, multinational, randomized controlled, non-inferiority trial in eight European countries. Adults diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) will be recruited in primary care (Germany, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom) or specialized mental health care (France, The Netherlands, and Switzerland). Regular care for depression is compared to "blended" service delivery combining mobile and Internet technologies with face-to-face treatment in one treatment protocol. Participants will be followed up at 3, 6, and 12 months after baseline to determine clinical improvements in symptoms of depression (primary outcome: Patient Health Questionnaire-9), remission of depression, and cost-effectiveness. Main analyses will be conducted on the pooled data from the eight countries (n = 1200 in total, 150 participants in each country). Discussion: The E-COMPARED project will provide mental health care stakeholders with evidence-based information and recommendations on the clinical and cost-effectiveness of blended depression treatment. Trial Registration: France: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02542891 . Registered on 4 September 2015; Germany: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00006866 . Registered on 2 December 2014; The Netherlands: Netherlands Trials Register NTR4962 . Registered on 5 January 2015; Poland: ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT02389660 . Registered on 18 February 2015; Spain: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02361684 . Registered on 8 January 2015; Sweden: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02449447 . Registered on 30 March 2015; Switzerland: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02410616 . Registered on 2 April 2015; United Kingdom: ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN12388725 . Registered on 20 March 2015. ; Funding agencies: European Commission [603098] ; E-COMPARED