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Modern economic life is characterized by an exponential increase of available information and a shortening time for decision-making. Hence, the necessity for more timely composite macroeconomic indicators is increasing (objectively), but the supply of such instruments lags behind the demand. This paper develops the daily Economic Stress Index (ESI) for the Russian Federation. It differs from all previously proposed Russian high-frequency indices as it has daily indicators for real, banking, and consumer sectors among its 17 components (along with commonly used indicators for financial and commodity markets). In retrospect, the ESI successfully generated "alarm signals" during the recessions of 1998, 2008—2009 and 2015—2016. As it was publicly introduced in March 2020, we were able to trace the COVID-19 recession in Russia in real-time. Given this experience, we believe that the proposed daily ESI may continue to be used to monitor the Russian business cycle without any lags.

The specificity of macroeconomic forecasts is determined not so much by the list of predicted indicators or by mathematical tools used, but by the unavoidable human factor, which often generates great difference between forecasts made by various professionals. In Russian-language literature, this psychological aspect of macroeconomic forecasting has not received any attention; our work is designed to fill this gap. As a source of statistical data we used the forecasts extracted from the quarterly Poll of Professional Forecasters (PPF), which began in the first quarter of 2000. An analysis of real GDP and CPI forecasts made it possible to identify optimists and pessimists among independent experts, and also to show that the official forecasts by the Russian Ministry of Economic Development and the Bank of Russia are often too optimistic (with the possible exception of forecasts for a current year). It was also confirmed that the accuracy of consensus-forecasts exceeds (in the long run) not only that of official forecasts, but also forecasts made by the vast majority of independent experts. This asserts consensus-forecasts as a benchmark against which macroeconomic forecasts of other experts and organizations should be compared. An analysis of errors for different forecast horizons showed that in the medium term, the most significant ones are associated with underestimation of the resilience of the Russian economy to external shocks. This aspect of macroeconomic forecasting is closely related to forecasting cyclical dynamics (in particular, recessions, their beginning, depth and duration). Currently, this is just what requires additional attention by macroeconomic forecasters.

In recent decades, predicting turning points of economic cycles (their peaks and troughs) using leading indicators has established itself as a fairly simple, clear and at the same time reliable method. But the world experience has shown that any system of leading indicators requires revision and clarification from time to time. The recent non-economic shocks experienced by the Russian economy have made urgent a full-scale revision of existing leading indicators. The article proposes a methodology for constructing a new index, which, one may hope, will not have the shortcomings of its predecessors. In the process of its construction, the dating of the peaks and troughs associated with previous recessions in the Russian economy was specified; the peculiarities of the cyclical dynamics of several dozens of time series were re-examined. The eight most promising indicators were aggregated into a composite leading indicator (CLI) using two alternative methods; we have chosen the one which is not only easier to use and update, but, apparently, with better predictive properties.

The inflation dynamics is a key factor in macroeconomic and social stability, having a direct impact on all structural proportions in the economy and the well-being of the population. This is especially noticeable during periods of acute shocks and crises. This article is an attempt to understand the inflationary consequences of the recent non-economic crisis associated with the coronavirus pandemic. The global nature of this crisis, as well as its impact on all sectors of the economy and spheres of economic relations, provide rich material for the analysis. The geopolitical aggravation and large-scale sanctions against Russia in 2022 have become a new shock for the entire economic system, creating a trail of new inflationary effects at the global level and especially within Russia. The presence of a significant number of similarities between the two crises retains the relevance of a rigorous analysis of the coronacrisis and its lessons, despite the radical change in the situation due to the onset of the sanctions crisis.

In this work, we studied the effect of complex additives containing Na2Si2O5 and Ni, Zn oxides on the properties and sintering temperature of a ceramic material 3Y-TZP- Al2O3 with an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) content of 5 wt %. It was shown that the introduction of complex additives promoted an increase in the flexural strength of ceramic materials. The greatest strength (445±22 МПа) was achieved by sintering at 1250 °C on the composition with 5 wt % Na2Si2O5 and 0.33 mol % Zn.

We studied the effect of complex additives containing Na2Si2O5and Co, Fe oxides on the properties and sintering temperature of a ceramic material zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) with an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) content of 10 wt %. It was shown that the introduction of complex additives contributed to the intensification process and a significant increase in the strength and microhardness of the sintered ZrO2—10 % Al2O3. The greatest strength (362 ± 25 МPa) was achieved by sintering at 1250 ° C on the composition of ZrO2—10 % Al2O3—5 % Na2Si2O5+ 0,33 % Fe.

Composite cements based on the tricalcium phosphate (TCP) —calcium sulfate (CS) system were synthesized and investigated. The second component which were introduced into the cement paste (TCP) in the form of modified carbonate anion granules is the calcium sulfate. As a result, new composite cement materials based on the tricalcium phosphate —carbonate —substituted calcium sulfate (granules) system can find their application in regenerative medicine due to the possibility of pore space formation in vivo.

The article presents the results of 3D printing with ceramic suspensions by DLP method using inorganic dyes.