Suchergebnisse

Il volume raccoglie i risultati del lavoro condotto nell'ambito del Programma di ricerca di Ateneo finanziato dall'Università di Padova nel 2013, coordinato dalla prof. Maria Giovanna Mattarolo. L'indagine affronta il tema della "lotta all'esclusione sociale" attraverso la ricostruzione degli strumenti legislativi in materia di lavoro dei detenuti. Il tema portante, che si colloca sullo sfondo di tutto il lavoro, è quello delle caratteristiche strutturali del "lavoro penale". In questo senso le analisi di partenza sono quelle dedicate al lavoro (subordinato) alle dipendenze di terzi e alle dipendenze dell'Amministrazione penitenziaria. la prospettiva di indagine è integrata attraverso un complesso intreccio di competenze interdisciplinari. Il volume contiene anche un'analisi della disciplina francese e spagnola in materia.

RésuméDans les systèmes de préférences douanières, le travail pénitentiaire est d'abord perçu comme une pratique de concurrence déloyale, à rejeter a priori. Cette modalité d'emploi peut pourtant être appréhendée autrement. On peut se demander, notamment, à quelles conditions il s'agit d'un travail décent, et l'envisager comme un outil de réinsertion. Au terme d'une analyse juridique approfondie, dans laquelle ils mettent en regard les normes pertinentes de l'OIT et la réglementation douanière de l'UE et de l'OMC, tout en convoquant la théorie des capabilités, les auteurs appellent au développement d'un ensemble de règles mobilisant plusieurs branches du droit pour ce qui touche au travail des détenus.

ResumenAunque el trabajo penitenciario se percibe ante todo como una práctica de competencia desleal inadmisible en los sistemas de preferencias aduaneras, también puede concebirse de otra manera. En particular, cabe preguntarse qué condiciones ha de cumplir para ser un trabajo decente y un instrumento de reinserción. Tras un minucioso análisis jurídico, en el que se comparan las normas pertinentes de la OIT con la normativa aduanera de la UE y la OMC en el marco de la teoría de las capacidades, se aboga por elaborar un conjunto de normas del trabajo penitenciario que se inscriben en diversas ramas del derecho.

In customs preference schemes, prison labour is primarily viewed as unfair competition, to be rejected out of hand. This form of employment can, however, be understood differently, notably by considering the conditions under which it may constitute decent work, and by seeing it as a tool for rehabilitation. Following an in‐depth legal analysis, in which they compare the relevant standards of the ILO to EU and WTO customs regulations in the light of the capability approach, the authors call for the development of a set of rules drawing on several branches of law relating to prison labour.

L'articolo sviluppa un commento critico rispetto alla definizione di piattaforma digitale contenuta nel d.l. 101/2019, attualmente in sede di discussione parlamentare ai fini della conversione in legge. Gli autori affrontano il problema in chiave comparatistica ed interdisciplinare, e sviluppano una proposta di modifica del testo legislativo.

The process of de-juridification is, in some respects, ambiguous and paradoxical. While in certain areas, we see a proliferation of detailed legislative regulations, in others, we detect tendencies pointing in the opposite direction. One of the most interesting cases is that of labor law, where both tendencies emerge. Recent reforms in many European countries show a trend towards a relaxation of rules, inspired by the aim to stimulate growth in employment. In this context, the newly-introduced concept of "joint employment" plays a pivotal role. The process of de-juridification clearly invests labor law, in particular within enterprise networks, where arrangements under joint employment seem to give the parties of a commercial contract the highest standard of contractual freedom. This social phenomenon is not therefore regulated by detailed legislative provisions, but simply through non-specific norms inspired by general goals. In considering several recent reforms of labor law in European countries, in this paper, we aim to determine the real level of de-juridification currently present within traditionally rigid legislative systems

The study comprehensively presents the main effects of digitisation. Due to its complexity, digitisation affects the employment and labour markets in different ways. It partially changes working conditions, brings to life new forms of employment and, as a result of the development of technology, professions disappear. Thus, all this necessarily poses different challenges to the legislation. The forms of work in the gig economy – which was brought to life by the online space – cannot be classified as a traditional legal framework. Teleworking has been absolutely valorised by the coronavirus pandemic. Looking to the near future, after the end of the pandemic, teleworking is expected to play a much more significant role in the labour market. The study presents the marked forms of digitisation that have emerged in employment and summarises its supranational legal issues. It also presents the digitisation characteristics of Hungary, Italy and Spain. It examines how legislation and the judiciary have provided answers to the issues of digitisation. Consequently, the study analyses three main trends: the impact of digitalisation in general, telework, and the gig economy, with special regard to the categorisation of workers (employees, selfemployed and possible third categories in between). The study argues that the concept of 'employment relationship' has to be interpreted in a much broader way; general guarantees must be valid for all forms of work performed by people in economic dependence and in a state of economic weakness.